L

Lagrangian Boundary Heat Transfer

The rate of heat transfer to the boundary from incident Lagrangian parcels. Temporary storage is retained.


Function Name:	`LagrangianBoundaryHeatTransfer`
Dimensions:	[Power]
Default units:	W
Type:	Scalar
Activated by:	Two-Way Coupling, Energy models, Impingement Heat Transfer

Lagrangian Charge Density

The total particle charge per unit cell volume.


Function Name:	`LagrangianChargeDensity`
Dimensions:	[Electric Charge/Volume]
Default units:	s-A/m^3
Type:	Scalar
Activated by:	Coulomb Force, Two-Way Coupling

Lagrangian Energy Source

The rate of energy transfer to the continuous phase from all Lagrangian phases with a Two-Way Coupling model. It is the quantity

S_{E}

in Eqn. (3052) and Eqn. (3054). Temporary storage is retained.


Function Name:	`LagrangianEnergySource`
Dimensions:	[Power]
Default units:	W
Type:	Scalar
Activated by:	Material Particles, Two-Way Coupling, Energy models

Lagrangian Mass Source

The rate of mass transfer to the continuous phase from all Lagrangian phases with a Two-Way Coupling model. It is the quantity

S_{m}

in Eqn. (3047) and Eqn. (3049). Temporary storage is retained.


Function Name:	`LagrangianMassSource`
Dimensions:	[Mass/Time]
Default units:	kg/s
Type:	Scalar
Activated by:	Material Particles, Two-Way Coupling, Mass Transfer models

Lagrangian Momentum Source

The rate of momentum transfer to the continuous phase from all Lagrangian phases with a Two-Way Coupling model. It is the quantity

S_{v}

in Eqn. (3043) and Eqn. (3045). Temporary storage is retained.


Function Name:	`LagrangianMomentumSource`
Dimensions:	[Force]
Default units:	N
Type:	Vector
Activated by:	Material Particles, Two-Way Coupling

Lagrangian Species Source (<Species>)

The rate of mass transfer of <species> to the continuous phase from all Lagrangian phases with a Two-Way Coupling model. Temporary storage is retained.


Function Name:	`code_name`
Dimensions:	[dimensions]
Default units:	units
Type:	type
Activated by:	Material Particles, Two-Way Coupling, Mass Transfer models, Species models

Lamb Vector

The cross product of velocity and vorticity, which is defined as

L \equiv v \times \nabla \times v


Function Name:	`LambVector`
Dimensions:	[Length/Time²]
Default units:	m/s²
Type:	Vector
Activated by:	Flow models

Lambda 2 Criterion

The scalar defined by the second eigenvalue of

(S^{2} + Ω^{2})

when sorted from minimum to maximum, where

S

is the strain-rate tensor and

Ω

is the spin tensor. Values of

λ_{2} < 0

can be interpreted as vortex regions, while values equal to or greater than 0 have no physical interpretation.


Function Name:	`Lambda2`
Dimensions:	[/Time²]
Default units:	/s²
Type:	Scalar
Activated by:	Flow models

Laminar Flame Speed

S_{l, 0}

in Eqn. (3573).


Function Name:	`LaminarFlameSpeed`
Dimensions:	[Velocity]
Default units:	m/s
Type:	Scalar
Activated by:	Flame Surface Density Transport model

Laminar Flame Thickness

δ_{l}

in Eqn. (3915).


Function Name:	`LaminarFlameThickness`
Dimensions:	[Length]
Default units:	m
Type:	Scalar
Activated by:	Flame Surface Density Transport model

Layer[n]::Film Thickness

For multilayer film casting, the thickness of later

n

. Corresponds to

h_{i}

in Eqn. (746).


Function Name:	`Layer[n]::FilmThickness`
Dimensions:	[Length]
Default units:	m
Type:	Scalar
Activated by:	Film Casting

Least Squares Quality

Least squares quality is an indicator of the quality of a cell that is based on the physical location of a cell centroid relative to the cell centroid locations of its face-neighbors. (Available when the Cell Quality Remediation model is used).

See Mesh Quality: Least Squares Quality.


Function Name:	`LeastSquaresQuality`
Dimensions:	[Dimensionless]
Default units:	N/A
Type:	Scalar
Activated by:	Volume mesh models

Lighthill Pressure

p^{l}

in Eqn. (4730).


Function Name:	`LighthillPressure`
Dimensions:	[Pressure]
Default units:	Pa
Type:	Scalar
Activated by:	Lighthill Wave

Lighthill Source

\nabla\cdot h

in Eqn. (4730).


Function Name:	`LighthillSource`
Dimensions:	[Pressure/Length^2]
Default units:	Pa/m²
Type:	Scalar
Activated by:	Lighthill Wave
Requires:	Temporary Storage Retained (Acoustic Wave solver)

Lighthill Stress Tensor ij

where ij can be XX, XY, XZ, YY, YZ, or ZZ

The sound the specific normal stress, shear, nonlinear acoustic generation processes

T_{i j}

T_{x z}

T_{y z}

, and

T_{z z}

are activated only in three-dimensional simulations.


Function Name:	`LighthillStressTensor`ij
Dimensions:	[Velocity2-Mass/Volume]
Default units:	(m/s)²-kg/m³
Type:	Scalar
Activated by:	Lighthill Stress Tensor

Liquid Residence Time <Phase>

The Liquid Residence Time of the melting-solidifying phase.


Function Name:	`LiquidResisdenceTime[Phase]`
Dimensions:	[Time]
Default units:	s
Type:	Scalar
Activated by:	Criteria Functions

Liquid Zone Index of <phase interaction>

Index of the contiguous liquid zone. A Liquid Zone Index value is assigned to each liquid cell, indicating the enclosed liquid zone to which the cell belongs. Shrinkage, and the appropriate phase replacement, is computed for each of the zones that have the same Liquid Zone Index.


Function Name:	`LiquidZoneIndex[PhaseInteraction]`
Dimensions:	[Dimensionless]
Default units:	N/A
Type:	Scalar
Activated by:	Macro Porosity

Lithium/Salt Concentration

c

in Eqn. (4102).


Function Name:	`LiIonBatteryConcentration`
Dimensions:	[Quantity/Volume]
Default units:	kmol/m^3
Type:	Scalar
Activated by:	Li-Ion Concentration

Lithium/Salt Diffusivity

D_{0}

in Eqn. (4104).


Function Name:	`LiIonBatteryConcentrationDiffusivity`
Dimensions:	[Length^2/Time]
Default units:	m^2/s
Type:	Scalar
Activated by:	Li-Ion Concentration

Lithium Cation Transference Number

{t_{+}}^{0}

in Eqn. (4103).


Function Name:	`ElectrolyteLiTransferance`
Dimensions:	[Dimensionless]
Default units:	N/A
Type:	Scalar
Activated by:	Li-Ion Concentration

Loading Surface Term [Receiver Name]

{p′}_{L} (x, t)

in Eqn. (4761) for general flows and in Eqn. (4763) for flows with rigid body motion or moving reference frames. In each equation, the field function is normalized with face-area. The unsteady motion of the force distribution on the body surface generates the Eqn. (4752) noise.


Function Name:	`<ReceiverName>::LoadingSurfaceTerm`
Dimensions:	[Mass/Length³-Time²]
Default units:	kg/m³-s²
Type:	Scalar
Activated by:	On-the-Fly FW-H

Local Direction Field

Corresponds to the local direction field

f

defined in Eqn. (4337) and Eqn. (4336).


Function Name:	`LocalDirectionField`
Dimensions:	[Dimensionless]
Default units:	N/A
Type:	Vector
Activated by:	Excitation Coil, Finite Element Excitation Coil

Local Heat Transfer Coefficient

The local heat transfer coefficient is the heat transfer coefficient between the near-wall cell and the boundary. It is dependent upon the distance between the boundary and the near-wall cell, the thermal properties of the media and, in the case of turbulent flow, the near-wall turbulence state. Because of the dependence on the mesh, do not consider this quantity as a bulk heat transfer coefficient.

In a multiphase continuum, a version of this field function is created for each phase. These field functions are volume fraction weighted for each phase. The local heat transfer coefficient is the sum of the local heat transfer coefficients for each phase. This summation is valid because the phase-specific coefficients are already volume fraction weighted.

For harmonic balance cases, the value of the coefficient is a time-mean.


Function Name:	`LocalHeatTransferCoefficient`
Dimensions:	[Power/Length²-Temperature]
Default units:	W/m²-K
Type:	Scalar
Activated by:	Coupled Energy, Coupled Solid Energy, Segregated Fluid Enthalpy, Segregated Fluid Temperature, Segregated Solid Energy

Local Heat Transfer Reference Temperature

The local heat transfer reference temperature is the effective temperature that can be used to linearize the total heat flux to the boundary with respect to the boundary temperature:

{\dot{q} ″}_{t o t a l} = h_{local} (T_{ref} - T_{w})

where:

$h_{local}$ is the local heat transfer. coefficient
$T_{w}$ is the boundary temperature.

The effect of radiation is explicitly included in this quantity. This quantity is useful for export to external CAE packages with the local heat transfer coefficient.

In a multiphase continuum, a version of this field function is created for each phase. These field functions are not volume fraction weighted.

For a multiphase fluid, the local heat transfer reference temperature is given by:

\sum_{}^{} (h_{i} \times T r_{i}) / \sum_{}^{} h_{i}

where:

$h_{i}$ is the local heat transfer coefficient of phase $i$
${T r}_{i}$ is the local heat transfer reference temperature of phase $i$

For harmonic balance cases, the value of the temperature is a time-mean.


Function Name:	`LocalHeatTransferReference Temperature`
Dimensions:	[Temperature]
Default units:	K
Type:	Scalar
Activated by:	Coupled Energy, Coupled Solid Energy, Segregated Fluid Enthalpy, Segregated Fluid Temperature, Segregated Solid Energy

LocalMeshReplacer::SubMeshId


Function Name:	`LocalMeshReplacer::SubMeshId`
Dimensions:	[Dimensionless]
Default units:	N/A
Type:	Scalar
Activated by:

Local Solidification Time of <Phase> @ <Critical Temperature>

The Local Solidification Time of the melting-solidifying phase at the critical temperature.


Function Name:	`LocalSolidificationTime[Phase]_[CriticalTemperature]`
Dimensions:	[Time]
Default units:	s
Type:	Scalar
Activated by:	Criteria Functions

Local Time Step

The time-step used in the cell under consideration.


Function Name:	`LocalTimeStep`
Dimensions:	[Time]
Default units:	s
Type:	Scalar
Activated by:	Flow models

Log Strain Tensor

For non linear stress-strain analysis, the tensor field function represents the spatial logarithmic strain tensor, as defined in Eqn. (4449).


Function Name:	`LogStrainTensor`
Dimensions:	[Dimensionless]
Default units:	N/A
Type:	SymmetricTensor
Activated by:	Solid Stress

Lorentz Force Density

See Eqn. (4377).


Function Name:	`LorentzForceDensity`
Dimensions:	[Force/Volume]
Default units:	N/m^3
Type:	Vector
Activated by:	One-Way Coupled MHD, Two-Way Coupled MHD