Li-Ion Concentration Model Reference

You select this model only for the physics continua that describe the corresponding solid electrodes and the liquid electrolyte. This selection is different to the Li-Ion Electric Potential model, which is activated in all of the battery model physics continua.

Table 1. Li-Ion Concentration Model Reference
Theory	See Concentrated Solutions.
Provided By	[physics continuum] > Models > Electrochemistry
Example Node Path	Continua > Physics 1 > Models > Li-Ion Concentration
Requires	Using a double precision version of Simcenter STAR-CCM+: Space: Three Dimensional or Two Dimensional Time : Implicit Unsteady Material: Solid or Liquid Optional Models: Electrochemistry
Properties	Key properties are: Secondary Gradients. See Li-Ion Concentration Model Properties.
Activates	Materials	Lithium/Salt Diffusivity
	Initial Conditions	Lithium/Salt Concentration. See Initial Conditions.
	Boundary Inputs	See Li-Ion Concentration Model Boundary Settings.
	Solvers	Lithium/Salt Concentration. See Solvers.
	Monitors	Salt Concentration
	Field Functions	Lithium/Salt Concentration, Lithium/Salt Diffusivity, Effective Lithium/Salt Diffusivity, Lithium Cation Transference Number, Concentrated Solution Correction to Salt Diffusivity, Non-Ideal Solution Correction to Salt Migration. See Field Functions.

Li-Ion Concentration Model Properties

Secondary Gradients

Neglect or include the boundary secondary gradients for diffusion and/or the interior secondary gradients at mesh faces.

On: Default value. Solves for interior and boundary types of secondary gradient.
Off: Does not solve for either type of secondary gradient.
Interior Only: Solves for the interior secondary gradients only.
Boundaries Only: Solves for the boundary secondary gradients only.

Initial Conditions

Lithium/Salt Concentration

Boundary Settings

Wall

Lithium Wall Concentration Specification

Method	Corresponding Physics Value Nodes
Concentration	Lithium/Salt Concentration
Flux	Lithium Concentration Flux

Lithium/Salt Concentration Solver Properties

This solver controls the solution of the Li-Ion Concentration model in all of the continua for which the model is activated.

Under-Relaxation Factor: In order to promote convergence, this property is used to under-relax changes of the solution during the iterative process. If residuals show solution divergence or do not decrease, reduce the under-relaxation factor.
Temporary Storage Retained: When On, Simcenter STAR-CCM+ retains additional field data that the solver generates during an iteration. The particular data retained depends on the solver, and becomes available as field functions during subsequent iterations. Off by default.
Solver Frozen: When On, the solver does not update any quantity during an iteration. It is Off by default. This is a debugging option that can result in non-recoverable errors and wrong solutions due to missing storage. See Finite Volume Solvers Reference for details.

Field Functions

Lithium/Salt Concentration: $c$ in Eqn. (4102).
Lithium/Salt Diffusivity: $D$ in Eqn. (4102) and $D_{0}$ in Eqn. (4104).
Effective Lithium/Salt Diffusivity: $D$ in Eqn. (4102) and Eqn. (4104).
Lithium Cation Transference Number: ${t_{+}}^{0}$ in Eqn. (4103).
Concentrated Solution Correction to Salt Diffusivity: $\frac{ⅆ (ln c_{0})}{ⅆ (ln c)}$ in Eqn. (4104).
Non-Ideal solution Correction to Salt Migration: $\frac{ⅆ (ln f_{\pm})}{ⅆ (ln c)}$ in Eqn. (4096).