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Simcenter STAR-CCM+ comes with add-ons that provide a dedicated approach for simulations of specific engineering applications—the Electronics Cooling Toolset and the Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder Solution.
Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder Solution
Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder Solution provides a simplified approach within Simcenter STAR-CCM+ to perform transient moving-mesh simulations of internal combustion engines (ICE).
Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder Formulation
Wall Treatment
Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder provides various wall treatment models for the calculation of the wall heat flux.

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Add-ons
Simcenter STAR-CCM+ comes with add-ons that provide a dedicated approach for simulations of specific engineering applications—the Electronics Cooling Toolset and the Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder Solution.
- Electronics Cooling Toolset
  The Electronics Cooling Toolset provides a simplified approach within Simcenter STAR-CCM+ to perform simulations of thermal management for electronics devices—from design to solution analysis.
- Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder Solution
  Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder Solution provides a simplified approach within Simcenter STAR-CCM+ to perform transient moving-mesh simulations of internal combustion engines (ICE).
  - ICE Mechanism
    The development and improvement of internal combustion engines comes from a systematic analysis of the in-cylinder flow. Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder is capable of simulating the in-cylinder flow of reciprocating internal combustion engines that operate on a four-stroke or a two-stroke cycle at steady speed.
  - Geometry Requirements
    For the automated setup of an internal combustion engine in Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder, the geometry that you import must meet certain criteria. These criteria concern the file format as well as the positions and names of bodies and faces.
  - Valves Motion
    Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder models the motion of valves using valve lift curves.
  - Piston Motion
    To model the motion of the piston, Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder requires specific information about the engine geometry.
  - Fuel Injection
    Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder provides methods for predicting the charge motion in an internal combustion engine—from fuel injection to fuel evaporation to air-fuel vapor mixing.
  - Combustion and Ignition
    Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder offers efficient methods for simulating the combustion process in an internal combustion engine.
  - Mesh Strategy
    Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder generates a trimmed mesh with automatic volumetric refinements to account for various flow characteristics within the flow domain. For a cylinder sector model, Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder generates an axisymmetric mesh.
  - Solution Analysis
    Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder allows you to analyse the solution of an ICE simulation while the simulation is running as well as when the simulation completes.
  - Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder Workflow
    To set up, run, and post-process an engine cycle problem in Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder, you work through the nodes from top to bottom.
  - Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder Troubleshooting
    If you encounter problems when setting up or running an ICE simulation, check these common problem scenarios for advice on how to proceed. Also consult the Knowledge Base on the Support Center portal.
  - Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder Reference
    Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder provides specific right-click actions and properties for the various objects in the object-tree.
  - Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder Formulation
    - Automatic Composition Initialization
      Automatic Composition Initialization automatically obtains values for the mass fraction of chemical species that are present in the cylinder and the ports as a result of combustion.
    - Wall Treatment
      Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder provides various wall treatment models for the calculation of the wall heat flux.
    - Solution Analysis
    - Bibliography
- Application Productivity Tools
  Application Productivity Tools (APTs) are specialized add-ons that allow you to focus on specific applications. These tools are available as plugins for Simcenter STAR-CCM+.

Wall Treatment

Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder provides various wall treatment models for the calculation of the wall heat flux.

By default, Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder calculates the wall heat flux ${\dot{q}}_{w} ″$ as given by Eqn. (1629). The Angelberger and the GruMO-UNiMORE wall treatment modify the wall heat flux computation as follows:

Angelberger Wall Treatment

The wall treatment suggested by Angelberger [146] takes into account the variation of thermophysical properties in the near-wall region for high-Reynolds number turbulence models.

In Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder, the Angelberger wall heat flux is calculated depending on the type of engine as:


Engine Type	${\dot{q}}_{w} ″$
Gasoline	Figure 1. EQUATION_DISPLAY $ρ C_{p} u_{*} \frac{{\hat{T}}_{C} \ln (\frac{{\hat{T}}_{C}}{T_{w}})}{{\hat{T}}_{C}^{+}}$ (643)
Diesel	Figure 2. EQUATION_DISPLAY $ρ C_{p} u_{*} \frac{({\hat{T}}_{C} + T_{w}) \ln (\frac{{\hat{T}}_{C}}{T_{w}})}{2 {\hat{T}}_{C}^{+}}$ (644)

with:

Figure 3. EQUATION_DISPLAY

{\hat{T}}_{C}^{+} = f (y^{+}, \Pr)

(645)

where:

$ρ$ is the density.
$C_{p}$ is the specific heat capacity.
$u_{*}$ is the Velocity Scale.
${\hat{T}}_{C}$ is the RANS averaged or LES filtered temperature at the centroid of the near-wall cell.
$T_{w}$ is the temperature at the wall.
$y^{+}$ is the non-dimensional wall distance as given by Eqn. (1584).
$\Pr$ is the Prandtl number given by Eqn. (1141).
$f$ is the Wall Function for Temperature that is used to approximate ${\hat{T}}_{C}^{+}$ .

GruMo-UniMORE Wall Treatment

If the variables appearing in a wall function are made dimensionless using near-wall mean thermodynamic properties instead of wall properties, an isothermal law of the wall can be applied to non-isothermal problems. This formulation leads to an improvement in wall heat flux and local temperature field predictions in studies of turbocharged / highly-downsized engines [147], [148].

The GruMO-UniMORE wall treatment modifies the wall heat flux to account for variations in the Prandtl number as it follows instantaneous local conditions as:

Figure 4. EQUATION_DISPLAY

{\dot{q}}_{w} ″ = ρ C_{p} u_{*} \frac{{\hat{T}}_{C} - T_{w}}{{\hat{T}}_{C}^{+}}

(646)

with:

Figure 5. EQUATION_DISPLAY

{\hat{T}}_{C}^{+} = 2.075 \ln (y^{+}) + 13.2 \Pr - 5.34

(647)