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Tutorials
Tutorials show you how to use Simcenter STAR-CCM+ for various applications in a step-by-step format with recommendations for setup, initialization and steps of the solution process specific to the application. Macro and simulation files are available for download for a large proportion of cases.
Incompressible Flow
The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for incompressible fluid flows as well as porosity and solution recording
Solution Recording and Playback: Vortex Shedding
This tutorial demonstrates how to use the solution recording and playback module for capturing the results of transient phenomena.
Validating the Results

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Tutorials
Tutorials show you how to use Simcenter STAR-CCM+ for various applications in a step-by-step format with recommendations for setup, initialization and steps of the solution process specific to the application. Macro and simulation files are available for download for a large proportion of cases.
- Using Tutorial Macros and Files
  Macros, input files, and final simulation files for a range of tutorials are provided as an optional download package on the Support Center website. These macros and final simulation files are provided as an aid to the written tutorials, so that you can check your final results against the downloaded files, or against a simulation that is built and run using the macros.
- Introduction
  Welcome to the Simcenter STAR-CCM+ introductory tutorial. In this tutorial, you explore the important concepts and workflow. Complete this tutorial before attempting any others.
- Foundation Tutorials
  The foundation tutorials showcase the major features of Simcenter STAR-CCM+ in a series of short tutorials.
- Geometry
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for creating and working with parts and 3D-CAD.
- Mesh
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various STAR-CCM+ features for building CFD meshes.
- Incompressible Flow
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for incompressible fluid flows as well as porosity and solution recording
  - Steady Flow: Lid-Driven Cavity Flow
    This tutorial demonstrates the performance of Simcenter STAR-CCM+ in solving a traditional square lid-driven cavity flow. The problem geometry consists of a two-dimensional 1 m² cavity. The cavity is covered by an impermeable wall that moves in the x-direction with constant velocity of 1 m/s. A stretched quadrilateral mesh with 6400 cells is used.
  - Steady Flow: Channel Flow with Multiple Meshes
    This tutorial describes a steady airflow simulation over an obstacle that is mounted at the bottom wall of a three-dimensional channel.
  - Steady Flow: Laminar and Turbulent Flow in an S-Bend
    This tutorial demonstrates the flow of an incompressible gas through an s-bend of constant diameter (2 cm), for both laminar and turbulent flow. The first part of the tutorial covers the laminar flow, with a Reynolds number (Re) of 500, and the second part covers the turbulent flow, Re = 50,000. The same pipe geometry is used in both cases.
  - Steady Flow: Backward Facing Step
    Steady flow over a backward facing step is a typical scenario to investigate the behaviour of reattaching flows. Understanding the behaviour of the flow is crucial for many applications such as designing heat exhangers, evalutating aerodynamic performance and improving flow control strategies.
  - Anisotropic Flow: Cyclone Separator
    The flow inside a cyclone separator is characterised by strong swirling motion and three-dimensional boundary layers. Properly accounting for these effects is a challenging problem for CFD simulations. This tutorial presents the initial step in setting up a coarse mesh cyclone flow simulation.
  - Porous Resistance: Isotropic Media
    This tutorial models flow through a catalyst geometry.
  - Porous Resistance: Orthotropic Media
    This tutorial solves the same problem as the Porous Resistance: Isotropic Media, except that the fluid in the porous region cannot flow in any direction other than the bulk flow (y-) direction.
  - Solution Recording and Playback: Vortex Shedding
    This tutorial demonstrates how to use the solution recording and playback module for capturing the results of transient phenomena.
    - Prerequisites
      The instructions in the Solution Recording and Playback: Vortex Shedding tutorial assume that you are already familiar with certain techniques in Simcenter STAR-CCM+.
    - Importing the Volume Mesh
      To set up the Simcenter STAR-CCM+ simulation, launch a simulation and import the supplied volume mesh.
    - Selecting Physics Models
      A physics continuum was added to the object tree when the volume mesh was imported. Select the physics models required to run this case.
    - Modifying Material Properties and Setting Initial Conditions
      Modify the material properties of air, so that the correct Reynolds number is obtained.
    - Setting Boundary Conditions
      Set the required velocity at the inlet boundary.
    - Creating a Scalar Scene
      Create a scalar scene displaying vorticity to visualize the solution while the simulation is running.
    - Preparing the Lift Plot
      Monitor the lift that the cylinder wall is experiencing to determine the period of oscillation for the vortex shedding.
    - Modifying Solver Settings
      Modify the solver settings to more appropriate values.
    - Setting Up Stopping Criteria
      Adjust the number of inner iterations for each time step and extend the maximum time for the solver to run.
    - Setting Up the Solution History File
      Create a solution history, simh, file and use it to store selected solution data at specified time intervals.
    - Running the Simulation
      The simulation is ready to run.
    - Visualizing the Results
      Examine the Vorticity scene and the Coefficient of Lift plot.
    - Validating the Results
    - Creating a Recorded Solution View
      Solution views are used to interrogate this data and make it available for post-processing.
    - Creating an Animation from the Solution View
      Create an animation that shows the development of vortex shedding from the start to a regular periodic state.
    - Summary
      This tutorial demonstrated how to use the solution recording and playback module for capturing the results of transient phenomena.
    - Bibliography
  - Generalized Newtonian Fluid: Flow in a Static Mixer
    This tutorial demonstrates the process of setting up and analyzing the flow of a viscous fluid through a static mixer.
  - Viscoelastic Flow: Basic Extrusion
    This tutorial illustrates the extrusion of molten rubber through a die.
  - Material Calibration: Curve Fitting Non-Newtonian Model Parameters
    This tutorial illustrates the workflow for calibrating rheological model parameters from experimental rheological data through curve-fitting.
  - Polymer Melt Extrusion: Film Casting
    In industry, film casting is a common process for producing thin polymeric films. Cast films are used for applications such as food and textile packaging, stretch wraps, or plastic bags. Simcenter STAR-CCM+ provides a combination of the Film Casting model and the Free Surface model that allows you to simulate that process and to investigate the impact of various parameters on the resulting film.
- Compressible Flow
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for compressible fluid flows as well as harmonic balance.
- Heat Transfer and Radiation
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for heat transfer, radiation, and thermal comfort.
- Multiphase Flow
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for simulating multiphase fluid flow problems
- Discrete Element Method
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for simulating Discrete Element Method problems
- Motion
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various STAR-CCM+ features for simulating problems with moving geometries and meshes, dynamic fluid body interaction, and rigid body motion:
- Reacting Flow
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for simulating reacting flows such as combustion.
- Solid Stress
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for computing deformation, strain, and stresses in solid regions. They also show how such computations can be coupled to the fluid behavior in an analysis of fluid-structure interaction.
- Aeroacoustics
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for solving aeroacoustic simulations.
- Electromagnetism
  The following tutorials illustrate features for solving problems that involve electromagnetic fields.
- Electrochemistry
  The following tutorial demonstrates chemical reactions induced by an electrical current.
- Battery
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for setting up a battery model:
- Automation
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ automation and macro features.
- Design Exploration
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various features for running design exploration studies in Design Manager.
- Coupling with CAE Codes
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for coupling with CAE codes:
- Analysis Methods
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for analysing and visualizing simulation data.
- Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder
  The tutorials in this set illustrate features for simulating internal combustion engines in Simcenter STAR-CCM+ using the dedicated add-on Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder.

Validating the Results

From the scalar scene and the monitor plot, it is clear that vortex shedding is occurring. The Strouhal number (St) is commonly used when describing oscillating flows and is defined as:

S t = \frac{f D}{U}

(5245)

Where $f$ is the frequency of vortex shedding, $D$ is the cylinder diameter, and $U$ is the free-stream velocity. In this case, the Strouhal number is given as 0.15 by Daily et al. [413]. The theoretical frequency of vortex shedding is therefore calculated as 2.25 Hz, which gives a period of 0.444 seconds.

The predicted period of shedding can be obtained by zooming into the last two troughs of the monitor plot.

Click (Zoom Selected Plot) in the Plot toolbar.
Drag a box around the last two troughs on the plot, as shown below.

The resulting plot is shown below.
Click the Scene/Plot button.
Select the Coefficient of Lift Monitor Plot > Axes > Bottom Axis > Major Labels node, deactivate Auto Spacing and Auto Precision, and set Spacing to 0.1.
Select Minor Ticks and set Count to 4.
Click the simulation button.
The enlarged scale on the X-axis makes it possible to measure the period.

The predicted period is shown to be approximately 0.44 seconds.

Note	A relatively large time step was used for this tutorial resulting in a limited number of data points in the plot. If you want more accurate results and a smoother plot, reduce the time step.

There is a difference of less than 1% between the predicted period and the reference period, which is good agreement. The corresponding predicted frequency of 2.27 Hz is also in good agreement with the theoretical frequency of vortex shedding of 2.25 Hz.