Battery Model Reference


Theory	See Batteries.
Provided By	[physics continuum] > Models > Optional Models
Example Node Path	Continua > Physics 1 > Models > Battery
Requires	Material: Solid Space: Three Dimensional Time: Implicit Unsteady
Activates	Physics Models	Circuit Model, see Circuit Model Reference.
	Region Settings	`Battery Energy Source Option`
	Model Controls (Nodes)	Batteries
	Solvers	Battery. See Solvers.
	Report Options	Circuit Element Current, Circuit Element Current Derivative, Circuit Element Voltage.
	Field Functions	See Field Functions.

Region Settings

Battery Energy Source Option: Activated automatically when a core geometry part that is associated with this region is added to the battery module cell—you can deactivate this setting as required. When Battery Energy Source Term is activated, the battery solver is active for the region.

Battery Solver Properties

Solver Frozen: When On, the solver does not update any quantity during an iteration. It is Off by default. This is a debugging option that can result in non-recoverable errors and wrong solutions due to missing storage. See Finite Volume Solvers Reference for details.

Batteries

Right-Click Actions

Open Battery Assistant: Opens the battery simulation assistant. For more information, see Simulation Assistants.

Battery Cells: See Battery Cells Reference.
Battery Modules: See Battery Modules Reference.
Program Files: See Program Files Reference.

Circuits

The Circuit model is automatically selected alongside the Batteries model. For more information, see Electric Circuits.

Field Functions

The following batteries field functions are available when the battery is set up:

0D Battery Cells

Battery Cell Current: The current, I, passing between the posts of the battery cell (A).
Battery Cell Voltage: The voltage drop, V, between the posts of the battery cell (V).
Battery SOC: The state of charge—with fully discharged as 0.0 and fully charged as 1.0.
Battery Volumetric Heat: Volume-based sum of all the generated heat: Electrode Polarization Heat (includes entropic heat) + Ohmic Heat (W/m³).
Battery Heat Release Model Cumulative Energy Released: The accumulated energy released by the battery cell during each time step.
Battery Heat Release Model Status: Represents the status of the model. A value of 0 means the model is not active, 1 means the model is active.
Battery Vent Model Core Part Density: Provides the updated core part density as a result of mass loss during venting in thermal runaway.
Battery Vent Model Cumulative Mass Loss: Represents the total mass loss from the core battery part due to venting.
Battery Vent Model Mass Flow Rate: Provides the mass flow rate of the venting gases.
Battery Vent Model Status: Represents the status of the model. A value of 0 means the model is not active, 1 means the model is active.
Battery Vent Model Time: Represents the elapsed time from the moment the battery vent model is activated.
Battery Vent Model Total Temperature: Provides the total temperature of the venting gases.
Battery Vent Model Volumetric Heat: Provides the value of the volumetric heat loss due to venting in the battery.

3D Battery Cells

Battery Electrical Solver Total Heat: The total generated heat from the electrical solver before it is mapped onto the thermal mesh (W).
Battery Electrode Polarization Heat: Volume-based heat generated due to polarization of the two electrodes. This is initiated by the electrochemistry reaction (W/m³).
Battery Negative Current Density: A vector field denoting the flux of current through the negative electrode for each e-cell (A/m²).
Battery Negative Electrochemical Current Density: A vector field denoting the flux of current through the negative electrode for each e-cell in the axial direction of the cell (A/m²).   This field function is available for cylindrical and prismatic cells only.
Battery Negative Electrode: Provides a scalar value of 1 in the mesh cells where the negative electrode is present. Provides 0 where the negative electrode is not present.
Battery Negative Plate Voltage: The voltage across the negative electrode for each e-cell (V).
Battery Ohmic Heat: Volume-based heat generated by Joule Effect for each e-cell (W/m³).
Battery Overlap Electrode: Provides a scalar value of 1 in the mesh cells where both the negative and positive electrodes are present. Provides 0 in all other locations.
Battery Positive Current Density: A vector field denoting the flux of current through the positive electrode for each e-cell (A/m²).
Battery Positive Electrochemical Current Density: A vector field denoting the flux of current through the positive electrode for each e-cell in the axial direction of the cell (A/m²).   This field function is available for cylindrical and prismatic cells only.
Battery Positive Electrode: Provides a scalar value of 1 in the mesh cells where the positive electrode is present. Provides 0 where the positive electrode is not present.
Battery Positive Plate Voltage: The voltage across the positive electrode for each e-cell (V).
Battery Single True Cell Current: The current through a single true cell for each e-cell (A).
Battery Tab Voltage: The voltage in each tab (V).
Battery Thermal Mass: A material property which is an analogy for the heat capacity, Thermal Mass = Cp x Mass (J/K).
Battery Volts: Equal to (Positive Plate Voltage - Negative Plate Voltage) for each e-cell (V).
Battery Volumetric Heat: Volume-based sum of all the generated heat: Electrode Polarization Heat (includes entropic heat) + Ohmic Heat (W/m³).