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Tutorials
Tutorials show you how to use Simcenter STAR-CCM+ for various applications in a step-by-step format with recommendations for setup, initialization and steps of the solution process specific to the application. Macro and simulation files are available for download for a large proportion of cases.
Multiphase Flow
The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for simulating multiphase fluid flow problems
Hybrid Multiphase: Fountain
In Simcenter STAR-CCM+ modeling, the term hybrid multiphase refers to modeling multiple flow regimes of a phase material using a combination of several different multiphase models. This modeling capability widens the range of real life multiphase flows that you can simulate.
Running the Simulation
You run the unsteady simulation for a physical time of 1.5 s. The adaptive time-step size is limited by a maximum value of 0.0003 s. Adaptive meshing is invoked every other time-step.

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Tutorials
Tutorials show you how to use Simcenter STAR-CCM+ for various applications in a step-by-step format with recommendations for setup, initialization and steps of the solution process specific to the application. Macro and simulation files are available for download for a large proportion of cases.
- Using Tutorial Macros and Files
  Macros, input files, and final simulation files for a range of tutorials are provided as an optional download package on the Support Center website. These macros and final simulation files are provided as an aid to the written tutorials, so that you can check your final results against the downloaded files, or against a simulation that is built and run using the macros.
- Introduction
  Welcome to the Simcenter STAR-CCM+ introductory tutorial. In this tutorial, you explore the important concepts and workflow. Complete this tutorial before attempting any others.
- Foundation Tutorials
  The foundation tutorials showcase the major features of Simcenter STAR-CCM+ in a series of short tutorials.
- Geometry
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for creating and working with parts and 3D-CAD.
- Mesh
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various STAR-CCM+ features for building CFD meshes.
- Incompressible Flow
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for incompressible fluid flows as well as porosity and solution recording
- Compressible Flow
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for compressible fluid flows as well as harmonic balance.
- Heat Transfer and Radiation
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for heat transfer, radiation, and thermal comfort.
- Multiphase Flow
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for simulating multiphase fluid flow problems
  - VOF: Gravity-Driven Flow
    This tutorial demonstrates how to set up a gravity-driven flow problem in Simcenter STAR-CCM+. It simulates two-dimensional gravity-driven compressible flow through a channel connecting two chambers.
  - VOF: Capillary Effects
    This tutorial demonstrates how to set up a capillary effects problem in Simcenter STAR-CCM+. It simulates two-dimensional forced flow of liquid glycerine through a nozzle and into an air-filled chamber at atmospheric pressure.
  - VOF: Cavitation
    This tutorial demonstrates how to set up a cavitation problem in Simcenter STAR-CCM+. It simulates a two-dimensional forced flow of water through a nozzle and into an air-filled chamber at atmospheric pressure.
  - VOF: Boiling
    This tutorial demonstrates how to set up a boiling problem in Simcenter STAR-CCM+. It simulates water boiling as it flows over a heated surface.
  - VOF: Melting-Solidification
    This tutorial demonstrates how to set up a melting and solidification analysis in Simcenter STAR-CCM+. It simulates the freezing of water in a pipe.
  - VOF: Tank Sloshing with Adaptive Meshing
    To reduce the computational time and resources required for VOF multiphase simulations, Simcenter STAR-CCM+ provides both Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) and Adaptive Time-Stepping. AMR provides adaptation in space and Adaptive Time-Stepping provides adaptation in time. Together, these models improve the resolution of the interface with minimum computational effort by adjusting the mesh and the time-step during the simulation. Additionally, Simcenter STAR-CCM+ offers the Implicit Multi-stepping VOF solver which can be used to decrease computational costs further by sub-stepping the volume fraction transport equation to obtain a sharp interface while allowing for a larger flow time-step.
  - Lagrangian: Particle-Laden Flow
    This tutorial demonstrates how to set up a simple Lagrangian multiphase analysis in Simcenter STAR-CCM+. It simulates a particle-laden flow of air through a partially blocked elbow duct.
  - Lagrangian: Solid Particle Erosion
    This tutorial demonstrates how to set up an erosion modeling analysis in Simcenter STAR-CCM+. It simulates the erosion that is caused by solid particles in a liquid flow.
  - Eulerian: Hibiki’s Bubble Column
    This tutorial demonstrates how to model a Eulerian multiphase turbulent flow in Simcenter STAR-CCM+.
  - Eulerian: Mixture Settling
    Settling tanks/separators are widely used in the industry for the purpose of separating a fluid mixture into its gaseous and liquid phases. Separator designs include horizontal and vertical configurations that account for different stages of the process, ranging from absorbing the momentum of incoming fluid to achieving the desired phase separation.
  - Eulerian: Bubble Formation in a Fluidized Bed
    This tutorial demonstrates how to model bubble formation in a fluidized bed in Simcenter STAR-CCM+. It simulates the injection of gas into a fluidized bed and monitors the formation and growth of the bubble.
  - Eulerian: Aeration Tank Degassing
    In industry, aeration tanks facilitate the exchange of gases in various processes within a liquid medium. Degassing is a procedure that actively removes gases from a liquid, such as eliminating excess gases that can build up during the biological treatment of organic pollutants, a process particularly common in waste-water treatment.
  - Eulerian: Wall Boiling
    This tutorial validates the wall boiling model in Simcenter STAR-CCM+ against experimental void and temperature data for high-pressure forced convective boiling.
  - Eulerian: Conjugate Heat Transfer Wall Boiling
    This tutorial demonstrates how to set up a conjugate heat transfer wall boiling analysis in Simcenter STAR-CCM+. It simulates a nuclear fuel pin that is cooled using subcooled boiling under flow conditions typical in the first meter of a 3.7-m long BWR6 reactor channel.
  - Eulerian Multiple Flow Regimes: Pressurized Water Reactor
    This tutorial demonstrates how to use the Multiple Flow Regimes model in Simcenter STAR-CCM+ to simulate the counter-current air-water flow in a pressurized water reactor.
  - Eulerian: Pipe Flow with Multi-Speed AMUSIG
    The Adaptive Multiple Size-Group (AMUSIG) model predicts the size distribution of particles (droplets or bubbles) in a dispersed multiphase flow regime. This tutorial demonstrates how to use the AMUSIG model for predicting the size distribution of hexane droplets in water. The water is flowing up a vertical pipe in which a concentric orifice increases turbulence and so accelerates droplet breakup.
  - Eulerian: Suspension Rheology
    This tutorial demonstrates how to set up a Simcenter STAR-CCM+ simulation that models the flow of a non-Newtonian concentrated suspension.
  - Fluid Film: Liquid Film Flow
    This tutorial demonstrates how to use the fluid film modeling capability of Simcenter STAR-CCM+. It simulates the progress of a rectangular film of water flowing down the wall of a three-dimensional duct.
  - Fluid Film: Binary Liquid Film Flow with Evaporation and Edge Stripping
    This tutorial demonstrates how to use the fluid film modeling capability of Simcenter STAR-CCM+ to set up a multi-component film scenario with evaporation and edge stripping. It simulates the progress of a film mixture of water and ethylene glycol flowing down a partially heated wall.
  - Fluid Film - VOF: Rivulets on an Inclined Plane
    Situations occur where a thin film of liquid forms on a solid surface, for example, rainwater on the windshield of a car. This film can flow and accumulate, and gradually grow into a "thick" film, or a pool of liquid that can no longer be described as a fluid film. These situations are multi-scale problems which, if resolved on all scales (using the VOF multiphase model), would require significant computer resources.
  - Dispersed Multiphase: Airfoil Icing
    When aircraft pass through air containing supercooled liquid water droplets, it is possible for the droplets to impact the aircraft surface and form layers of ice. Ice formation on an aircraft wing changes the aerodynamic properties of the wing, and leads to loss of lift, increase in drag, and a change in pressure distribution. Simcenter STAR-CCM+ provides a technique for simulating the formation of ice on airfoils. This technique relies on the Dispersed Multiphase model to represent the liquid droplets in the air surrounding the airfoil.
  - Hybrid Multiphase: Fountain
    In Simcenter STAR-CCM+ modeling, the term hybrid multiphase refers to modeling multiple flow regimes of a phase material using a combination of several different multiphase models. This modeling capability widens the range of real life multiphase flows that you can simulate.
    - Loading the Starting Simulation
      You start this tutorial by loading a starting simulation file that contains the fountain geometry, pre-defined mesh operations, and the regions including boundary types.
    - Selecting the Physics Models
      The unsteady laminar flow of water undergoing multiple flow regimes—free surface, droplet, and film—is modeled by the Volume of Fluid (VOF) model, the Lagrangian Multiphase model, and the Fluid Film model, respectively. Simcenter STAR-CCM+ refines the mesh automatically during runtime using the Adaptive Mesh model. The time-step adjusts automatically by using the Adaptive Time-Step model.
    - Controlling Adaptive Meshing and Time-Stepping
      Adaptive meshing refines the mesh locally along the interface between air and water when these two phases form a free surface or VOF blobs under the control of the VOF model. A phase interface is detected over a maximum of 10 cells, and cells that fulfill the refinement criterion can be refined up to four times.
    - Defining the Air and Water Phases
      You simulate the flow of two materials: air and water. As water transitions to different flow regimes, each of which is modeled by a different multiphase model, you require a water phase for each multiphase model type. The air phase remains continuous and is modeled by the VOF model only.
    - Defining the Phase Interactions and Flow Regime Transitions
      Phase interactions describe the mutual influence of the two materials (phases) air and water on each other. In a hybrid multiphase setup, you also use phase interactions to control the transition of water into different flow regimes.
    - Setting Up the Boundary Conditions and the Shell Region
      Since you expect the water film to form on the floor only, the floor is where you create the shell region for the Fluid Film model. Only after you create the shell region you can specify that all Lagrangian water droplets impacting the floor are converted to fluid film.
    - Creating the Injector for the Eulerian-Lagrangian Transition
      The Resolved Eulerian-Lagrangian Transition model that handles the conversion of VOF water blobs to Lagrangian water droplets requires you to create a volume stripping injector.
    - Visualizing the Multi-Regime Multiphase Flow
      You visualize the flow of water undergoing different flow regimes by creating an animation. In preparation for the animation, you save the Lagrangian particle diameter, the volume fractions of air and water, and the fluid film thickness to a simulation history (.simh) file.
    - Running the Simulation
      You run the unsteady simulation for a physical time of 1.5 s. The adaptive time-step size is limited by a maximum value of 0.0003 s. Adaptive meshing is invoked every other time-step.
    - Animating the Results
      You create the animation from the solution data stored on the .simh file using the Multi-Regime Flow scene. Therefore, you re-direct the representation of all displayers to the solution history solution view.
    - Summary
      This tutorial demonstrated how to simulate multi-regime multiphase flow in Simcenter STAR-CCM+ using hybrid modeling techniques.
  - Mixture Multiphase with Large Scale Interfaces: Gear Lubrication
    The Mixture Multiphase (MMP) model is suitable for modeling dispersed multiphase mixtures, where the mixture of phases is represented by weighted physical properties. A single set of conservation equations for mass, momentum, and energy is solved for the mixture together with transport equations for phase volume fractions.
  - Viscous Multiphase: Two-Layer Pipe Co-Extrusion
  - Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH): Gearbox Lubrication
    Gear mechanisms require adequate lubrication for long-term optimum performance and efficiency. Simcenter STAR-CCM+ provides the Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model with which you can simulate the flow of lubricant around the parts of a gear mechanism and determine whether adjustments are necessary.
- Discrete Element Method
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for simulating Discrete Element Method problems
- Motion
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various STAR-CCM+ features for simulating problems with moving geometries and meshes, dynamic fluid body interaction, and rigid body motion:
- Reacting Flow
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for simulating reacting flows such as combustion.
- Solid Stress
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for computing deformation, strain, and stresses in solid regions. They also show how such computations can be coupled to the fluid behavior in an analysis of fluid-structure interaction.
- Aeroacoustics
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for solving aeroacoustic simulations.
- Electromagnetism
  The following tutorials illustrate features for solving problems that involve electromagnetic fields.
- Electrochemistry
  The following tutorial demonstrates chemical reactions induced by an electrical current.
- Battery
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for setting up a battery model:
- Automation
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ automation and macro features.
- Design Exploration
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various features for running design exploration studies in Design Manager.
- Coupling with CAE Codes
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for coupling with CAE codes:
- Analysis Methods
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for analysing and visualizing simulation data.
- Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder
  The tutorials in this set illustrate features for simulating internal combustion engines in Simcenter STAR-CCM+ using the dedicated add-on Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder.

Running the Simulation

You run the unsteady simulation for a physical time of 1.5 s. The adaptive time-step size is limited by a maximum value of 0.0003 s. Adaptive meshing is invoked every other time-step.

In addition to the blob diameter and blob shape criteria, the resolved Eulerian-Lagrangian transition is influenced by two other factors that you set for the Lagrangian Two-Way Coupling solver:

Maximum volume fraction—The Resolved Eulerian-Lagrangian Transition model evaluates the Lagrangian volume fraction after the transition and, if the evaluated value does not exceed the specified Maximum Volume Fraction, the VOF blob is converted to a Lagrangian particle. If the evaluated value exceeds the specified Maximum Volume Fraction, the transition does not occur and the VOF blob remains as a resolved VOF phase. For this tutorial, you use the default value of 0.75.
Cell clustering—To prevent the Lagrangian water droplet volume fraction from exceeding the specified maximum volume fraction, you use volume cell cluster source smoothing. Cell clustering can be used to avoid the resulting Lagrangian droplet from overwhelming the cell if it is much smaller than the droplet. When the VOF blob is removed, adaptive meshing can coarsen the mesh, and the Lagrangian droplet becomes sub-grid.

To run the simulation:

Select the Solvers > Implicit Unsteady node and set Time-Step to 3.0E-4 s.
Select the Solvers > Adaptive Mesh > Trigger > Time-Step Frequency node and set Frequency to 2.
Select the Lagrangian Multiphase > Two-Way Coupling > Volume Source Smoothing Method node and set Method to Cell Cluster.
Select the Stopping Criteria > Maximum Physical Time node and set Maximum Physical Time to 1.5 s.
Select the Maximum Steps node and deactivate Enabled.
To run the simulation, click (Run).
When the simulation has finished, save it.