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Tutorials
Tutorials show you how to use Simcenter STAR-CCM+ for various applications in a step-by-step format with recommendations for setup, initialization and steps of the solution process specific to the application. Macro and simulation files are available for download for a large proportion of cases.
Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder
The tutorials in this set illustrate features for simulating internal combustion engines in Simcenter STAR-CCM+ using the dedicated add-on Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder.
Diesel Engine: Closed-Cycle Sector Model
A closed-cycle analysis investigates the injection, ignition, and combustion process in an engine cylinder with all intake and exhaust valves closed. For axisymmetric cylinder geometries, Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder allows you to model these stages of the engine cycle in a sector of the actual cylinder geometry in order to reduce runtime.
Setting Operating Conditions
The diesel engine in this tutorial operates at a constant angular velocity of 1100.0 rpm. The simulation starts at 680.0 deg CA and runs for 120 deg CA. To set the initial gas composition in the cylinder, you use Automatic Composition Initialization.

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Tutorials
Tutorials show you how to use Simcenter STAR-CCM+ for various applications in a step-by-step format with recommendations for setup, initialization and steps of the solution process specific to the application. Macro and simulation files are available for download for a large proportion of cases.
- Using Tutorial Macros and Files
  Macros, input files, and final simulation files for a range of tutorials are provided as an optional download package on the Support Center website. These macros and final simulation files are provided as an aid to the written tutorials, so that you can check your final results against the downloaded files, or against a simulation that is built and run using the macros.
- Introduction
  Welcome to the Simcenter STAR-CCM+ introductory tutorial. In this tutorial, you explore the important concepts and workflow. Complete this tutorial before attempting any others.
- Foundation Tutorials
  The foundation tutorials showcase the major features of Simcenter STAR-CCM+ in a series of short tutorials.
- Geometry
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for creating and working with parts and 3D-CAD.
- Mesh
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various STAR-CCM+ features for building CFD meshes.
- Incompressible Flow
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for incompressible fluid flows as well as porosity and solution recording
- Compressible Flow
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for compressible fluid flows as well as harmonic balance.
- Heat Transfer and Radiation
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for heat transfer, radiation, and thermal comfort.
- Multiphase Flow
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for simulating multiphase fluid flow problems
- Discrete Element Method
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for simulating Discrete Element Method problems
- Motion
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various STAR-CCM+ features for simulating problems with moving geometries and meshes, dynamic fluid body interaction, and rigid body motion:
- Reacting Flow
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for simulating reacting flows such as combustion.
- Solid Stress
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for computing deformation, strain, and stresses in solid regions. They also show how such computations can be coupled to the fluid behavior in an analysis of fluid-structure interaction.
- Aeroacoustics
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for solving aeroacoustic simulations.
- Electromagnetism
  The following tutorials illustrate features for solving problems that involve electromagnetic fields.
- Electrochemistry
  The following tutorial demonstrates chemical reactions induced by an electrical current.
- Battery
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for setting up a battery model:
- Automation
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ automation and macro features.
- Design Exploration
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various features for running design exploration studies in Design Manager.
- Coupling with CAE Codes
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for coupling with CAE codes:
- Analysis Methods
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for analysing and visualizing simulation data.
- Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder
  The tutorials in this set illustrate features for simulating internal combustion engines in Simcenter STAR-CCM+ using the dedicated add-on Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder.
  - Gasoline Engine: Motored
    Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder provides an automated method to perform transient moving-mesh analyses of internal combustion engines.
  - Gasoline Engine: Charge Motion
    Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder provides methods for predicting the charge motion in an internal combustion engine, including the injection of liquid fuel, the subsequent evaporation and mixing process, and the formation of fuel film on the engine walls.
  - Gasoline Engine: ECFM-3Z Combustion
    In Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder, you can simulate the combustion process in a gasoline engine using the Extended Coherent Flame Model Three Zone (ECFM-3Z).
  - Diesel Engine: Closed-Cycle Sector Model
    A closed-cycle analysis investigates the injection, ignition, and combustion process in an engine cylinder with all intake and exhaust valves closed. For axisymmetric cylinder geometries, Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder allows you to model these stages of the engine cycle in a sector of the actual cylinder geometry in order to reduce runtime.
    - Prerequisites
      This tutorial guides you through the setup of the diesel sector simulation using the dedicated Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder add-on in Simcenter STAR-CCM+.
    - Importing the Sector Geometry Spline
      You start the simulation setup from a 2D geometry spline in .csv format.
    - Setting Up the Engine Models
      Here, you select the physics models for fuel injection, secondary breakup, ignition, and combustion.
    - Setting Up the Fuel
      For this tutorial, you represent diesel by a single-component fuel, namely dodecane ( $C_{12} H_{26}$ ).
    - Creating the Engine Sector
      To reduce cell count and computational cost, you create a 45° sector model of the diesel engine.
    - Setting the Initial Conditions
      You specify the initial pressure and temperature in the engine cylinder using constant values of 9.87 bar and 583.0 K, respectively. Additionally, you specify the initial swirl in the cylinder in terms of an angular velocity of 2000 rpm about the central axis.
    - Setting Up the Piston Motion
      Here, you set the engine stroke and the length of the connecting rod, which both directly affect the piston motion.
    - Setting the Wall Temperatures
      At the piston and the head engine surfaces, you set a constant temperature of 450.0 K. At the liner, you set a temperature of 400.0 K.
    - Setting Up the Injector
      For the injection of fuel droplets into the engine cylinder, you create an injector Engine Part, which provides a template for defining the geometry and the physics of the injector. You specify the mass flow rate of the fuel in the form of a table that defines the mass flow rate as a function of crank angle. The initial temperature of the injected fuel is 310 K.
    - Setting Operating Conditions
      The diesel engine in this tutorial operates at a constant angular velocity of 1100.0 rpm. The simulation starts at 680.0 deg CA and runs for 120 deg CA. To set the initial gas composition in the cylinder, you use Automatic Composition Initialization.
    - Setting the Time-Step Size and the Wall Treatment
      You enable automatic time-step control, which reduces the time-step size based on the start and end of fuel injection, and apply the Angelberger wall treatment formulation for diesel.
    - Preparing the Plots and Scenes for Visualization
      To watch the solution develop, you open the plots for cylinder temperature and cylinder pressure. Additionally, you open the temperature scene and write the scene to image files at regular intervals.
    - Running the Simulation
      The simulation is now set up and ready to run.
    - Analyzing the Results
      After the simulation is complete, you visualize the results.
  - Uniflow Two-Stroke Engine
    Two-stroke engines complete the power cycle with two strokes of the piston while turning the crankshaft once (360 degrees). With Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder, you can simulate different types of two-stroke engines—uniflow, loop flow, or cross flow engines.

Setting Operating Conditions

The diesel engine in this tutorial operates at a constant angular velocity of 1100.0 rpm. The simulation starts at 680.0 deg CA and runs for 120 deg CA. To set the initial gas composition in the cylinder, you use Automatic Composition Initialization.

Automatic Composition Initialization automatically determines the initial gas composition in the cylinder based on the equivalence ratio at which the combustion takes place and the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) percentage. You specify an equivalence ratio of 0.85 for the fuel-air mixture without EGR and an equivalence ratio of zero for the premixed unburnt fuel-air mixture. Additionally, you specify an exhaust gas recirculation in the cylinder of 15 %. For information on the calculation of the initial mass fractions for the chemical species, see Automatic Composition Initialization.

To set the operating conditions:

Right-click the Operating Conditions node and select Edit.

In the Operating Conditions group box, set the following properties:


Property	Setting
RPM	1100.0 rpm
Start Angle	680.0 degCA
Duration	120.0 degCA

To automatically initialize the gas composition:

Make sure that Automatic Composition Initialization is activated.

In the Equivalence Ratio for Initialization group box, set the following properties:


Property	Setting
Definition	$Φ$ (Fuel/Air Ratio) (default)
Initialization of Exhaust Gas Composition > All Parts	0.85
Initialization of Unburnt Fuel/Air Mixture > Cylinder	0.0 (default)

In the EGR group box, set the following properties:


Property	Setting
EGR	$\dot{E} / (\dot{A} + \dot{E})$ (default)
Cylinder	15.0

Click Apply, then Close.
Save the simulation .