Passive System

Within the thermophysiological occupant model, the passive system captures thermal effects at global and local levels.

In order to capture local effects, the human body is divided into segments and elements. This system has 14 segments and a central vascular system.

Each segment is composed of four concentric telescoping cylinders (the elements). The cylinders correspond to:

• Core

  This element consists to a large extent of skeleton.

• Muscle
• Fat
• Skin

The head is treated as a sphere with four shells. The central vascular system is a separate element. Through blood circulation, the central vascular system is responsible for the heat transport in the axial direction of the body.

The indices that are used in the formulation of this model are:

• j: Numbering of the segments (from 1 through 14)
• i: Numbering of the elements (from 1 through 4)