Simcenter STAR-CCM+ 2406
User Guide
Simcenter STAR-CCM+ can model a wide range of physics phenomena including fluid mechanics, solid mechanics, heat transfer, electromagnetism, and chemical reactions. Scenarios with multiple time scales can be solved within the same simulation.
Simcenter STAR-CCM+ allows you to model engineering applications involving electromagnetic phenomena. Example applications are electric motors, electric switches, and transformers, which can be modeled based on the classical theory of Electromagnetism.
Simcenter STAR-CCM+ contains a wide range of physics models and methods for the simulation of single- and multi-phase fluid flow, heat transfer, turbulence, solid stress, dynamic fluid body interaction, aeroacoustics, and related phenomena. These physics models are all selected using a physics continuum.
This section provides information on how to set up physics models in STAR-CCM+.
This part of the documentation describes preparation and procedures for running a Simcenter STAR-CCM+ simulation.
In general, motion can be defined as the change in position of a body with respect to a certain reference frame.
The primary function of the Space models in Simcenter STAR-CCM+ is to provide methods for computing and accessing mesh metrics. Examples of mesh metrics include cell volume and centroid, face area and centroid, cell and face indexes, and skewness angle.
The primary function of the time models in Simcenter STAR-CCM+ is to provide solvers that control the iteration and/or unsteady time-stepping.
Many simulations that involve motion or geometry change require you to move or deform the mesh. Other simulations require localized mesh adaption in order to achieve an accurate solution.
Material models simulate substances, including various mixtures.
Many engineering design projects require you to predict the effect of flowing fluids on containing structures or immersed objects. While you can analyse simple scenarios with hand calculations, complex scenarios require you to apply numerical methods for accurate solutions.
Viscous Flow is a finite element approach for use with viscoelastic materials and other highly viscous non-Newtonian fluids, such as liquid plastics and rubber, dough and similar foodstuffs, molten glass, and mud. Viscoelastic materials resemble elastic materials, but also exhibit viscous effects, rebounding slowly from deformations.
Passive scalars are user-defined variables of arbitrary value, assigned to fluid phases or individual particles. They are passive because they do not affect the physical properties of the simulation. An intuitive way to think of passive scalars is as tracer dye in a fluid, but with numerical values instead of colors, and with no appreciable mass or volume.
Heat transfer is the study of energy in transit due to a temperature difference in a medium or between media. Heat transfer extends thermodynamic analysis through the study of the modes of energy transfer and through development of relations to calculate energy transfer rates.
This chapter provides information about the chemical species models in Simcenter STAR-CCM+. A species model is activated whenever a multi-component liquid or multi-component gas is chosen from the Material model section of the Physics Model Selection dialog.
Simcenter STAR-CCM+ allows you to simulate the transport of a fluid or energy (e.g. heat, electrical charge) through porous materials using the concept that the action of the porous media can be represented using appropriate loss (or 'diffusion') coefficients.
The adjoint method is an efficient means to predict the influence of many design parameters and physical inputs on some engineering quantity of interest, that is, on the engineering objective of the simulation. In other words, it provides the sensitivity of the objective (output) with respect to the design variables (input).
Simcenter STAR-CCM+ provides models for axial and radial fans where classical fan laws apply.
The virtual disk model is based upon the principle of representing propellers, turbines, rotors, fans, and so on, as an actuator disk. The actuator disk treatment is practical when you are concerned about the influence of the rotor/propeller behavior on the flow rather than knowing about the detailed interactions between the flow and the blades of the rotating device.
Most fluid flows of engineering interest are characterized by irregularly fluctuating flow quantities.
The term transition refers to the phenomenon of laminar to turbulence transition in boundary layers. A transition model in combination with a turbulence model predicts the onset of transition in a turbulent boundary layer.
Wall distance is a parameter that represents the distance from a cell centroid to the nearest wall face with a non-slip boundary condition. Various physical models require this parameter to account for near-wall effects.
The Radiation Model is the gateway, or entry point to all of the radiation modeling capabilities of Simcenter STAR-CCM+. This section describes Simcenter STAR-CCM+’s radiation modeling.
Aeroacoustics investigates the aerodynamic generation of sound.
Simcenter STAR-CCM+ provides a selection of models that you can use to simulate a wide range of reacting flow applications.
In an internal combustion engine (ICE), for example a gasoline engine, the process of combustion takes place in a cylinder (or cylinders) within the engine. The working fluid is a fuel and oxidizer mixture (usually air), which reacts to form combustion products.
Multiphase flow is a term which refers to the flow and interaction of several phases within the same system where distinct interfaces exist between the phases. Simcenter STAR-CCM+ considers flow options where phases coexist as: gas bubbles in liquid, liquid droplets in gas, and/or solid particles in gas or liquid, and/or (large scale) free surface flows.
Dynamic Fluid Body Interaction (DFBI) in Simcenter STAR-CCM+ allows you to simulate the motion of a 6-DOF body with the displacement and rotation resulting from the defined mechanical and multiphysics interaction (flow, DEM, solid stress, EMAG).
Some unsteady flows have a regularly repeating flow pattern, that is, they are time-periodic. Consider the flow from a fan blade passing across the entrance to a duct. Measurements of the instantaneous flow just within the duct would show a regularly repeating pattern. If the flow disturbances are sufficiently large, and propagate to the end of the duct, measurements of the unsteady flow at any point within the duct show repeating patterns. Such time-periodic patterns can be expressed using Fourier series.
Simcenter STAR-CCM+ allows you to model the response of a solid continuum to applied loads, including mechanical loads and thermal loads that result from changes in the solid temperature.
The following steps show how to model electric fields induced by static or quasi-static distributions of electric charges.
The following steps outline the recommended workflow for modeling electric currents in conducting media.
The following steps outline the recommended workflow for modeling magnetic fields induced by electric currents, excitation coils, and permanent magnets.
Simcenter STAR-CCM+ allows you to calculate the heat that is generated by electric currents flowing in resistive materials. You can use the Ohmic Heating model in combination with an energy model.
In electromagnetic applications involving electrically conducting fluids, such as molten metals, electrolytes, and plasmas, Simcenter STAR-CCM+ allows you to account for the interaction between the conducting fluid and the magnetic field.
Electromagnetic simulations require a conformal mesh across all interfaces. In simulations that involve regions in relative motion, you can keep the mesh conformal at every time-step using the airgap remeshing technique. With this technique, Simcenter STAR-CCM+ keeps the mesh conformal by regenerating the mesh near the sliding interface in every time-step.
The Electrostatic Potential model allows you to calculate the electric field induced by a charge distribution.
The Electric Potential solver controls the solution of the electric potential in electrostatic and electrodynamic simulations.
The Finite Element Magnetic Vector Potential model allows you to model magnetic fields using the FE (finite element) approach.
The Harmonic Balance FE Magnetic Vector Potential model allows you to model magnetic fields with harmonic time-dependance using the finite element approach.
In simulations that use the Finite Element Magnetic Vector Potential model, the Finite Element Excitation Coil model allows you to model the effect of stranded coils.
The Finite Volume Magnetic Vector Potential model allows you to model magnetic fields using the FV (finite volume) approach.
The Harmonic Balance FV Magnetic Vector Potential model allows you to model magnetic fields with harmonic time-dependance using the finite volume approach.
The Transverse Magnetic Potential model allows you to model transverse-magnetic modes, that is, magnetic fields which lie on a 2D domain.
The Harmonic Balance FV Transverse Magnetic Potential model allows you to model transverse-magnetic modes (that is, magnetic fields that lie on a 2D domain) with single harmonic time dependence using the finite volume approach.
The Linear Permanent Magnet model allows you to model the effects of the magnetic fields induced by permanent magnets.
The Demagnetization Indication model allows you to determine when a permanent magnet is at risk of demagnetization.
In finite volume simulations, the Excitation Coil model allows you to model the electric current density that is produced by an excitation coil in solid materials.
The Eddy Current Suppression model allows you to neglect eddy currents when computing the magnetic vector potential.
The Excitation Coil Lumped Parameter model allows you to extract the lumped parameters of a coil region, that is, the coil resistance and inductance.
The Modified Steinmetz model allows you to model hysteresis and eddy-current losses.
The Ohmic Heating model solves for the heat that is generated in a conducting material due to the flow of electric current. This effect is often referred to as the Joule effect.
The One-Way Coupled MHD model accounts for the interaction between an electrically conducting fluid and the magnetic field. You define the magnetic field by prescribing the magnetic flux density within the fluid region.
The Two-Way Coupled MHD model accounts for the interaction between an electrically conducting fluid and the magnetic field. Simcenter STAR-CCM+ calculates the magnetic field within the fluid region from the magnetic vector potential.
The Airgap Remeshing model allows you to maintain conformal meshes between regions that are in relative motion. To keep the mesh conformal, Simcenter STAR-CCM+ regenerates the mesh at each side of the sliding interface at every time-step.
The Circuit model lets you model a circuit with specified circuit elements and circuit connections. Selecting this model activates the circuit solver in the physics continuum.
The Java API defines several compile-time constant expressions, which are common for electrodynamics. These constants can be accessed in a Java macro.
This section contains troubleshooting information.
Electrochemistry is the study of chemical reactions which occur due to an imposed electrical charge, or a difference in electrical potential at a boundary between a conductor–such as a metal–and an electrolyte. Simcenter STAR-CCM+ provides models that allow you to simulate batteries, corrosion, etching, and other electrochemical reactions.
Electrical circuits are conducting loops of interconnected electrical components, such as batteries, power sources, resistors, and inductors.
Plasma is a state of matter similar to a gas that is composed partially or completely of charged particles such as ions and electrons which are not bound to each other.
You can simulate batteries in Simcenter STAR-CCM+ using battery cells and battery cycling procedures that are defined either directly in Simcenter STAR-CCM+, or in the external software package Simcenter Battery Design Studio.
Casting simulations are performed using transient multiphase simulations using the VOF model with solidification. Conjugate heat transfer is applied between the solidifying melt and the solid mold.
This section provides some guidelines on how to use region sources for some common problems.
The Cell Quality Remediation model helps you get solutions on a poor-quality mesh. This model identifies poor-quality cells, using a set of predefined criteria, such as Skewness Angle exceeding a certain threshold. Once these cells and their neighbors have been marked, the computed gradients in these cells are modified in such a way as to improve the robustness of the solution.
This part of the documentation provides guidelines on applying Simcenter STAR-CCM+ models to your applications.
In Simcenter STAR-CCM+, solvers compute the solution during the simulation run.
