Chemorheology Model Reference


Theory	See Curing Method.
Provided By	[physics continuum] > Models > Optional Model
Example Node Paths	Continua > Physics 1 > Models > Chemorheology Continua > Physics 1 > Models > Multiphase > Eulerian Phases > Phase 1 > Models > Chemorheology
Requires	Flow: Viscous Flow Rheology: Generalized Newtonian Optional Models: Viscous Energy
Properties	Key properties are: Diffusion, SUPG. See Chemorheology Properties.
Activates	Materials	Curing Viscosity Factor, Degree of curing, K1 and K2 Temperature Shift factors. See Materials and Methods.
	Initial Conditions	Degree of curing. See Initial Conditions.
	Boundary Inputs	See Boundary Settings.
	Monitors	Degree of Curing
	Field Functions	Apparent Curing Viscosity, Degree of Curing, Degree of Curing (Unfiltered). See Field Functions.

Chemorheology Properties

Diffusion: Numerical diffusivity, a constant used as a coefficient for a Hermitian (self-adjoint) term that is added to a kinetic equation, Eqn. (728) or Eqn. (729), for stabilization. The default value is 0.0, in which there is no contribution to these equations.
SUPG: The value for the Streamline-Upwind-Petrov-Galerkin advection stabilization term, $β_{SUPG}$ in Eqn. (1039). The default value is 1.0.

Materials and Methods

The Chemorheology model activates these material properties under Liquid > [liquid] > Material Properties.

Curing Viscosity Factor

The curing viscosity factor in Eqn. (1093) is dependent on curing, shear rate, and temperature.

Method	Corresponding Method Node
Castro-Macosko	Castro-Macosko Calculates the curing viscosity factor in Eqn. (1093) using the properties C1 and C2 (default values are 1) and Alpha_G (default value is 0.73). The Maximum Viscosity Factor limits the viscosity factor by the specified value (the default value is 100).
Field Function	Field Function Calculates the curing viscosity factor $η$ according to a user-defined field function.

Degree of Curing

The degree of curing

α

in Eqn. (1090) tracks the extent of the curing process.

Method	Corresponding Method Node
Kamal and Sourour Kinetic	Kamal and Sourour Kinetic Calculates $α$ the degree of curing using the properties K1 (default 0.5 /s), m (default 1.0), K2 (default 1.0 /s), n (default 1), and H (default 0.0 J/kg), corresponding to the parameters of Eqn. (1090).

K1 and K2 Temperature Shift Factors

The factors

k_{1}

and

k_{2}

in Eqn. (1091) depend on the temperature

T

according to the Arrhenius law .

Method	Corresponding Method Node
Arrhenius	Arrhenius The value of $K_{1}$ or $K_{2}$ is set by Eqn. (1092), which uses the Activation energy property (default value 100000 J/kmol).
Constant	Constant The value of $K_{1}$ or $K_{2}$ is a user-set constant. This is the default method. The default value for both $K_{1}$ and $K_{2}$ is 1.
Field Function	Field Function The value of $k_{1}$ or $k_{2}$ is set by a user-defined field function.

Initial Conditions

Degree of curing: The initial degree of curing $α$ in Eqn. (1090), set using standard profile methods. The default is Constant.

Boundary Settings

Inflow Boundaries

Degree of curing: The degree of curing $α$ in Eqn. (1090), set using standard profile methods. The default is Constant.

Field Functions

Apparent Curing Viscosity: Describes calculated viscosity of cured material $μ$ in Eqn. (1093).
Degree of Curing: Describes filtered degree of curing. Normalized to limit variation in [0,1].
Degree of Curing (Unfiltered): Describes calculated degree of curing.

Chemorheology with Material Calibration

You can use the Material Calibration model to adjust parameters for the Chemorheology model in both isothermal and non-isothermal simulations. See the Material Calibration Model Reference. The .csv data tables must include the experimental iso-thermal or non-isothermal time-curing data, including the values for curing variables.