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Tutorials
Tutorials show you how to use Simcenter STAR-CCM+ for various applications in a step-by-step format with recommendations for setup, initialization and steps of the solution process specific to the application. Macro and simulation files are available for download for a large proportion of cases.
Heat Transfer and Radiation
The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for heat transfer, radiation, and thermal comfort.
Thermal Comfort: Car Cabin
Comfort is one of the main factors that consumers consider when deciding how they travel. Therefore, passenger comfort is one of the key criteria that influence the design process of enclosed spaces such as a car or aircraft cabin.
Analyzing the Solution
To analyze the results for the thermal comfort analysis, you open the relevant plots and scenes.

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Tutorials
Tutorials show you how to use Simcenter STAR-CCM+ for various applications in a step-by-step format with recommendations for setup, initialization and steps of the solution process specific to the application. Macro and simulation files are available for download for a large proportion of cases.
- Using Tutorial Macros and Files
  Macros, input files, and final simulation files for a range of tutorials are provided as an optional download package on the Support Center website. These macros and final simulation files are provided as an aid to the written tutorials, so that you can check your final results against the downloaded files, or against a simulation that is built and run using the macros.
- Introduction
  Welcome to the Simcenter STAR-CCM+ introductory tutorial. In this tutorial, you explore the important concepts and workflow. Complete this tutorial before attempting any others.
- Foundation Tutorials
  The foundation tutorials showcase the major features of Simcenter STAR-CCM+ in a series of short tutorials.
- Geometry
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for creating and working with parts and 3D-CAD.
- Mesh
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various STAR-CCM+ features for building CFD meshes.
- Incompressible Flow
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for incompressible fluid flows as well as porosity and solution recording
- Compressible Flow
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for compressible fluid flows as well as harmonic balance.
- Heat Transfer and Radiation
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for heat transfer, radiation, and thermal comfort.
  - Conjugate Heat Transfer: Heated Fin Introduction
    This tutorial incorporates both multi-region conjugate heat transfer and natural convection in a Simcenter STAR-CCM+ simulation.
  - Simulation Operations: Multi-Timescale Conjugate Heat Transfer
    Through simulation operations, Simcenter STAR-CCM+ provides an automated methodology by which you can include a multiple time-scale workflow in a single simulation.
  - Simulation Operations: Transient-transient Multi-Timescale Conjugate Heat Transfer
    An important analysis for automotive applications is to simulate the thermal behavior of components during cold-start conditions. As the timescales involved in fluctuating fluid behavior often varies significantly from the timescales in solid thermal behavior, it is not efficient to run an implicitly coupled conjugate heat transfer simulation. Simcenter STAR-CCM+ provides a coupling strategy that permits distinct transient timescales for the solid and fluid components.
  - Multi-Part Solid: Graphics Card Cooling
    This tutorial demonstrates how you can model multiple solid parts in a single continuum using the Multi-Part Solid physics model.
  - Natural Convection: Concentric Cylinders Introduction
    This tutorial demonstrates how to solve a natural convection problem in Simcenter STAR-CCM+.
  - Electronics Cooling Toolset: Natural Convection JEDEC
    Although many electronic devices benefit from cooling fans in removing excess heat, some devices rely on natural convection only. The Electronics Cooling Toolset includes a method for estimating cooling due to natural convection.
  - Electronics Cooling Toolset: Graphics Card Cooling
    When you are positioning fans that cool electronic components, the Electronics Cooling Toolset allows you to assess the impact that they have on removing heat. By comparing multiple designs, you can decide which arrangement gives you the best performance.
  - Dual Stream Heat Exchanger: Car Radiator
    Heat exchangers are devices that efficiently transfer heat from one medium to another. Some prominent examples of heat exchanger applications include car radiators, such as the one used in this tutorial, power plants and air-conditioning.
  - Surface-to-Surface Radiation: Thermal Insulator
    This tutorial incorporates gray thermal radiation in a Simcenter STAR-CCM+ simulation.
  - Multiband Surface-to-Surface Radiation: Solar Collector
    This tutorial uses the simulation created for the Surface-to-Surface Radiation: Thermal Insulator.
  - Photon Monte Carlo Radiation: Headlamp
    Thermal management simulations of headlamp applications allow you to identify temperature hotspots that can cause damage to the headlamp. Modifying the design—for example, including heat shields in the right places—leads to better and more durable designs.
  - Thermal Comfort: Car Cabin
    Comfort is one of the main factors that consumers consider when deciding how they travel. Therefore, passenger comfort is one of the key criteria that influence the design process of enclosed spaces such as a car or aircraft cabin.
    - Loading the Starting Simulation
      For this tutorial, you are provided with a starting simulation file that contains the geometry of the car cabin with the passengers and driver. The mesh operations and meshing settings are pre-defined on the file, along with the region and boundaries for the car cabin. The physics continuum for the car cabin has all models selected that are required for modeling the turbulent flow of air with heat transfer, also taking into account the effects of thermal and solar radiation.
    - Splitting the Manikin Face Surface
      The Fiala Thermal Comfort model requires a minimum of 58 part surfaces for the manikin geometry. The current geometry only contains 57 part surfaces. As the manikin has a single surface for the face, instead of the required left and right face surfaces, you split the surface into two distinct surfaces using the Intersect tool in the Surface Repair tool.
    - Defining the Thermal Network Continuum
      For modeling thermal comfort, you require another physics continuum — a thermal network continuum — in addition to the one that models the air flow in the car cabin.
    - Creating the Thermal Network Region for the Manikin
      For thermal comfort simulations, you represent the manikin using a network region. A network region does not require meshing.
    - Creating Interfaces between the Manikin and Cabin Regions
      To simulate the thermal regulation of the manikin, you require thermal network interfaces between the fluid region for the cabin and the thermal network region for the manikin.
    - Recording the Driver Comfort Metrics
      To evaluate both the local and global driver comfort levels, you set up a plots for the Equivalent Homogeneous Temperature, Fiala Dynamic Thermal Sensation, and Fiala Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied. In addition, you visualize the clothing temperature and skin temperature of the driver.
    - Running the Simulation
      You run the simulation for 1000 iterations. To reduce the computation time for this simulation, you activate the continuity convergence accelerator for the Coupled Implicit solver.
    - Analyzing the Solution
      To analyze the results for the thermal comfort analysis, you open the relevant plots and scenes.
    - Bibliography
  - Parts-Based Shells: Exhaust Pipe
    Simcenter STAR-CCM+ provides support for thin-walled structures that are best represented by a single-cell layer during simulation. These single-cell layers are known as shells. One of the main advantages of using shell elements is that it reduces the computational time and resources required for simulations.
- Multiphase Flow
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for simulating multiphase fluid flow problems
- Discrete Element Method
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for simulating Discrete Element Method problems
- Motion
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various STAR-CCM+ features for simulating problems with moving geometries and meshes, dynamic fluid body interaction, and rigid body motion:
- Reacting Flow
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for simulating reacting flows such as combustion.
- Solid Stress
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for computing deformation, strain, and stresses in solid regions. They also show how such computations can be coupled to the fluid behavior in an analysis of fluid-structure interaction.
- Aeroacoustics
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for solving aeroacoustic simulations.
- Electromagnetism
  The following tutorials illustrate features for solving problems that involve electromagnetic fields.
- Electrochemistry
  The following tutorial demonstrates chemical reactions induced by an electrical current.
- Battery
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for setting up a battery model:
- Automation
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ automation and macro features.
- Design Exploration
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various features for running design exploration studies in Design Manager.
- Coupling with CAE Codes
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for coupling with CAE codes:
- Analysis Methods
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for analysing and visualizing simulation data.
- Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder
  The tutorials in this set illustrate features for simulating internal combustion engines in Simcenter STAR-CCM+ using the dedicated add-on Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder.

Analyzing the Solution

To analyze the results for the thermal comfort analysis, you open the relevant plots and scenes.

Open the Equivalent Homogeneous Temperature 1, Fiala Dynamic Thermal Sensation 1 Monitor Plot, Fiala Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied 1 Monitor Plot plots.

The Equivalent Homogeneous Temperature plot shows that most segments are in the hot or too hot range. In particular, the left arm and shoulder segment (markers 12 and 13) are approaching the too hot barrier. The right calf is moving toward the too cold barrier.

The final Fiala Dynamic Thermal Sensation for this case is around 0.531. Comparing this global value to the ASHRAE 7 point scale, you can determine that, overall, the manikin driver is between neutral and slightly warm.

For this simulation, around 10.9 % of the population would be uncomfortable under the current conditions.
Open the Driver Clothing Temperature and Driver Skin Temperature scalar scenes.

Looking at the clothing temperature scene, you can see the majority of the lower and core regions of the body sit at below body temperature, with the right foot approaching 24.5 °C. The left shoulder on the other hand is slightly warmer than body temperature.

Looking at the skin temperature, the majority of the body sits around 37.5 °C (human body temperature). As you move to the lower half of the body and especially the feet, the skin temperature reduces by up to 10 °C. This is due to the non-uniform and dynamic cabin thermal environment as per the given input conditions. Hence controlling the air flow around the feet and legs should improve the overall thermal comfort solution.