Harmonic Balance FV Electrodynamic Potential Model Reference

This model calculates the complex electric potential $\hat{ϕ}$ according to Eqn. (4278). From the electric potential, Simcenter STAR-CCM+ calculates the complex electric field $\hat{E}$ and electric current density $\hat{J}$ (see Eqn. (4269)).


Model Name	Harmonic Balance FV Electrodynamic Potential
Theory	See Harmonic Time Dependence and Electrodynamic Potential Models.
Provided By	[physics continuum] > Models > Electromagnetism
Example Node Path	Continua > Physics 1 > Models > Harmonic Balance FV Electrodynamic Potential
Requires	Physics Models: Space: one of Three Dimensional, Two Dimensional Time: one of Steady, Implicit Unsteady Material: one of Gas, Liquid, Solid Optional Models: Electromagnetism
Properties	Secondary Gradients
Activates	Material Properties	Electrical Conductivity. See Material Properties.
	Reference Values	Excitation Frequency See Reference Values.
	Initial Conditions	Electric Potential. See Initial Conditions.
	Boundary Inputs	Electric Potential Specification Electrical Resistance Option Correction Factor . See Boundary Inputs.
	Region Inputs	Transfer Current Density Source Option See Region Inputs.
	Interface Inputs	Contact Electric Potential Specification Electrical Resistance Option Correction Factor See Interface Inputs.
	Solvers	Harmonic Balance Electric Potential
	Monitors	Imaginary Electric Potential, Real Electric Potential
	Field Functions	See Field Functions.

Material Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Defines the electrical conductivity $σ$ (see Eqn. (4263)) as a complex profile. See Complex Profiles.

Reference Values

Excitation Frequency: Allows you to specify the frequency $f_{0}$ in Eqn. (4245). Simcenter STAR-CCM+ requires the frequency to be the same across contact or baffle interfaces. When you associate different continua to contacting regions, make sure that you set the same frequency in both continua.

Initial Conditions

Electric Potential: Allows you to initialize the complex electric potential $\hat{ϕ}$ to a specified complex profile.

Boundary Settings

Applies to all boundary types other than Overset Mesh and Symmetry Plane.

Electric Potential Specification

At a domain boundary, allows you to prescribe either the electric potential, the electric current, or the electric current density as a complex profile. See Boundary and Interface Conditions.

Method	Corresponding Physics Value Nodes
Specific Electric Current Allows you to define the electric current density normal to the boundary.	Specific Electric Current Sets the specific electric current ${\hat{J}}_{n}$ to a specified complex profile. ${\hat{J}}_{n}$ is the complex equivalent of $J_{n}$ in Eqn. (4283).
Electric Potential Allows you to define the electric potential at the boundary according to Eqn. (4279).	Electric Potential Defines the potential $\bar{ϕ}$ in Eqn. (4279) as a complex profile. When leaving the Electrical Resistance to the default value of zero, the potential at the boundary is simply $\hat{ϕ} = \bar{ϕ}$ . Electrical Resistance Potential Derivative For stabilization, allows you to specify the dependence of $R^{e x}$ on $ϕ$ by defining $d R^{e x} / d ϕ$ .
Electric Current Allows you to define the total electric current through the boundary.	Electric Current Sets the total electric current ${\hat{I}}_{Γ}$ to a specified complex profile. ${\hat{I}}_{Γ}$ is the complex equivalent of $I_{Γ}$ in Eqn. (4282). When using this option, specify the spatial distribution of electric current using the `Electric Current Distribution` condition. See Electric Current Distribution.
Electric Current Density Allows you to define the electric current density at the boundary.	Electric Current Density Sets $\hat{J}$ to a specified complex profile. See Eqn. (4269).
Insulator Sets the specific electric current $\hat{J_{n}}$ (that is, the complex equivalent of $J_{n}$ in Eqn. (4271)) at the boundary to zero.	None

Electrical Resistance Option

Only available when Electric Potential Specification is not set to Insulator.

Defines the method for applying an additional source of electrical resistance (

R^{e x}

in Eqn. (4279)).

Electrical Resistance Option	Corresponding Physics Value Nodes
Specific Resistivity	Specific Resistivity Allows you to define $R^{e x}$ (m²Ω) directly for the boundary.
Resistance	Resistance Allows you to define a resistance value (Ω) for the boundary. Simcenter STAR-CCM+ then computes $R^{e x}$ based on how you specify the resistance value: By Surface Subgroup: $R^{e x}$ is the sum of the specified resistance values multiplied by the areas of the respective part surfaces. See Eqn. (4292). Per Boundary: $R^{e x}$ is equal to the specified resistance value multiplied by the area of the whole boundary surface. See Eqn. (4288). For disconnected parts assigned to a single boundary, you must use per-surface sub-grouping. For more information see Applying Quantities by Subgroup.

Electrical Resistance Option

Corresponding Physics Value Nodes

Specific Resistivity

Specific Resistivity: Allows you to define $R^{e x}$ (m²Ω) directly for the boundary.

Resistance

Resistance

Allows you to define a resistance value (Ω) for the boundary. Simcenter STAR-CCM+ then computes

R^{e x}

based on how you specify the resistance value:

By Surface Subgroup: $R^{e x}$ is the sum of the specified resistance values multiplied by the areas of the respective part surfaces. See Eqn. (4292).
Per Boundary: $R^{e x}$ is equal to the specified resistance value multiplied by the area of the whole boundary surface. See Eqn. (4288).

For disconnected parts assigned to a single boundary, you must use per-surface sub-grouping. For more information see Applying Quantities by Subgroup.

Correction Factor: When On, Simcenter STAR-CCM+ ensures the specific resistivity distribution over the boundary surface generates an ohmic heat equivalent to $0.5 ({I_{R}}^{2} + {I_{i}}^{2}) R$ . When using this option the current must flow in the same direction.; For most cases, On is appropriate. For cases involving recirculating currents, set this condition to Off. In general, if you observe counter-intuitive results, set this condition to Off

Electric Current Distribution

When defining the electric current at the boundary, this setting specifies the electric current spatial distribution. The available options are:

Uniform Electric Potential—calculates the specific electric current spatial distribution so that the electric potential is constant along the boundary.
Uniform Specific Electric Current—prescribes a constant specific electric current spatial distribution.

Only available when the method for the Electric Potential Specification boundary condition is Electric Current.

Region Settings

Available for fluid and solid regions, to account for unresolved physics.

Transfer Current Density Source Option

Specifies the external source

{\hat{S}}_{ϕ}

in Eqn. (4255). By default,

{\hat{S}}_{ϕ} = 0

.

Method	Corresponding Physics Value Nodes
Deactivated Sets ${\hat{S}}_{ϕ} = 0$ .	None
Activated Allows you to define a transfer current density source term, ${\hat{S}}_{ϕ}$ .	Transfer Current Density Source Sets ${\hat{S}}_{ϕ}$ to a specified complex profile. Transfer Current Density Source Potential Derivative For stabilization, allows you to specify $d {\hat{S}}_{ϕ} / d ϕ$ as a complex profile. By default, this value is set to zero.

Interface Settings

Contact Electric Potential Specification

Available for fluid/solid and solid/solid contact interfaces, allows you to prescribe the electric potential at the interface.

Method	Associated Physics Value
None Calculates the electric potential at the two sides of the interface according to Eqn. (4281).	None
Specific Electric Current Prescribes the specific electric current at the two sides of the interface, ${\hat{J}}_{n_{0}}$ , ${\hat{J}}_{n_{1}}$ .	Specific Electric Current Sets the specific electric current $\| {\hat{J}}_{n_{0}} \| = \| {\hat{J}}_{n_{1}} \|$ to a specified complex profile. See Eqn. (4283).
Electric Current Prescribes the total electric current through the interface.	Electric Current Sets the total electric current ${\hat{I}}_{Γ}$ to a specified complex profile. See Eqn. (4282).

Electrical Resistance Option

Available for fluid/solid and solid/solid contact interfaces.

Defines the method for applying the additional source of electrical resistance (

R^{e x}

in Eqn. (4279)). There are two options for this:

Electrical Resistance Option	Corresponding Physics Value Nodes
Specific Resistivity	Specific Resistivity Allows you to define $R^{e x}$ (m²Ω) directly for the interface.
Resistance	Resistance Allows you to define a resistance value (Ω) for the interface. Simcenter STAR-CCM+ then computes $R^{e x}$ based on how you specify the resistance value: By Contact Subgroup: $R^{e x}$ is the sum of the specified resistance values multiplied by the areas of the respective part surfaces. See Eqn. (4292). Per Interface: $R^{e x}$ is equal to the specified resistance value multiplied by the whole contact area. See Eqn. (4288). For disconnected parts assigned to a single contact interface, you must use per-part sub-grouping. For more information see Applying Quantities by Subgroup.

Electrical Resistance Option

Corresponding Physics Value Nodes

Specific Resistivity

Specific Resistivity: Allows you to define $R^{e x}$ (m²Ω) directly for the interface.

Resistance

Resistance

Allows you to define a resistance value (Ω) for the interface. Simcenter STAR-CCM+ then computes

R^{e x}

based on how you specify the resistance value:

By Contact Subgroup: $R^{e x}$ is the sum of the specified resistance values multiplied by the areas of the respective part surfaces. See Eqn. (4292).
Per Interface: $R^{e x}$ is equal to the specified resistance value multiplied by the whole contact area. See Eqn. (4288).

For disconnected parts assigned to a single contact interface, you must use per-part sub-grouping. For more information see Applying Quantities by Subgroup.

Correction Factor: When On, Simcenter STAR-CCM+ ensures the specific resistivity distribution over the interface generates an ohmic heat equivalent to $0.5 ({I_{R}}^{2} + {I_{i}}^{2}) R$ . When using this option the current must flow in the same direction.; For most cases, On is appropriate. For cases involving recirculating currents, set this condition to Off. In general, if you observe counter-intuitive results, set this condition to Off

Field Functions

Boundary Specific Electric Current (Imag, Real, Phase, Magnitude): Represent the imaginary part, real part, phase, and magnitude of the complex specific electric current ${\hat{J}}_{n}$ (complex equivalent of $J_{n}$ in Eqn. (4283)), with opposite sign.
Electric Current Density (Imag, Real, Phase, Magnitude): Represent the imaginary part, real part, phase, and magnitude of the complex electric current density $\hat{J}$ in Eqn. (4269).
Electrical Conductivity (Imag, Real, Phase, Magnitude): Represent the imaginary part, real part, phase, and magnitude of the complex electrical conductivity $σ$ in Eqn. (4263).