Interface Turbulence Damping Model Reference

At a liquid-gas interface with a high relative velocity between the phases, the large gradients in the boundary layer near the free surface can cause significant turbulence fluctuations. The Interface Turbulence Damping model accounts for this in VOF multiphase simulations. This model is available for K-Epsilon, K-Omega, and Reynolds Stress Transport Turbulence.

Example applications include the flow of water on the windows of a moving motor vehicle and annular gas-liquid flows in steam generators and oil and gas production. In these cases the liquid flow is relatively slow and dominated by surface tension, but the gas flow velocity can be large (30 - 50 m/s) and aerodynamic forces are significant.

Table 1. Interface Turbulence Damping Model Reference
Theory	See Interface Turbulence Damping.
Provided By	[phase interaction] > Models > Optional Models
Example Node Path	[phase interaction] > Models > Interface Turbulence Damping
Requires	Physics continuum selections: Material: Multiphase Multiphase Model: Volume of Fluid (VOF) (Automatically activates: Multiphase Interaction, Gradients.) Viscous Regime: Turbulent (Automatically activates Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes.) Reynolds-Averaged Turbulence: K-Epsilon Turbulence, K-Omega Turbulence, or Reynolds Stress Turbulence. Time: Implicit Unsteady or Steady A VOF-VOF Phase Interaction is required. Phase interaction selections: Optional Models: Interface Turbulence Damping (automatically activates Interaction Area Density)
Properties	None.
Specific Right-Click Actions	None.
Activates	Physics Models	None.
	Model Controls (child nodes)	Damping Coefficient For K-Omega turbulence, the damping coefficient $B$ in Eqn. (2635). For K-Epsilon or Reynolds Stress Transport turbulence, the damping coefficient $\tilde{B}$ in Eqn. (2636). The default value is 500.
	Field Functions	Interface Turbulence Damping Coefficient, Interface Turbulence Damping Source Term. See Field Functions.

Field Functions

The Interface Turbulence Damping model activates the following field functions:

Interface Turbulence Damping Coefficient

For K-Omega turbulence, the damping coefficient $B$ in Eqn. (2635).

For K-Epsilon or Reynolds Stress Transport turbulence, the damping coefficient $\tilde{B}$ in Eqn. (2636).

Interface Turbulence Damping Source Term

For K-Omega turbulence, the term $S_{ω}$ in Eqn. (2635).

For K-Epsilon or Reynolds Stress Transport turbulence, the term $S_{ϵ}$ in Eqn. (2636).

Available only when temporary storage is activated in the appropriate Turbulence solver.