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Tutorials
Tutorials show you how to use Simcenter STAR-CCM+ for various applications in a step-by-step format with recommendations for setup, initialization and steps of the solution process specific to the application. Macro and simulation files are available for download for a large proportion of cases.
Solid Stress
The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for computing deformation, strain, and stresses in solid regions. They also show how such computations can be coupled to the fluid behavior in an analysis of fluid-structure interaction.
Hyperelastic Stress Analysis with Adaptive Time-Step: Trileaflet Heart Valve
Trileaflet valves are prosthetic heart valves that open and close because of the deformation of the flexible leaflets [reflink]. Obtaining a successful simulation of the valve opening event is challenging due to the snap through instability on which the valve operation depends. Simcenter STAR-CCM+ provides a dynamic time-step control that makes a successful simulation possible.
Running the Simulation
Define the stopping criteria, then run the simulation.

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Tutorials
Tutorials show you how to use Simcenter STAR-CCM+ for various applications in a step-by-step format with recommendations for setup, initialization and steps of the solution process specific to the application. Macro and simulation files are available for download for a large proportion of cases.
- Using Tutorial Macros and Files
  Macros, input files, and final simulation files for a range of tutorials are provided as an optional download package on the Support Center website. These macros and final simulation files are provided as an aid to the written tutorials, so that you can check your final results against the downloaded files, or against a simulation that is built and run using the macros.
- Introduction
  Welcome to the Simcenter STAR-CCM+ introductory tutorial. In this tutorial, you explore the important concepts and workflow. Complete this tutorial before attempting any others.
- Foundation Tutorials
  The foundation tutorials showcase the major features of Simcenter STAR-CCM+ in a series of short tutorials.
- Geometry
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for creating and working with parts and 3D-CAD.
- Mesh
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various STAR-CCM+ features for building CFD meshes.
- Incompressible Flow
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for incompressible fluid flows as well as porosity and solution recording
- Compressible Flow
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for compressible fluid flows as well as harmonic balance.
- Heat Transfer and Radiation
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for heat transfer, radiation, and thermal comfort.
- Multiphase Flow
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for simulating multiphase fluid flow problems
- Discrete Element Method
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for simulating Discrete Element Method problems
- Motion
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various STAR-CCM+ features for simulating problems with moving geometries and meshes, dynamic fluid body interaction, and rigid body motion:
- Reacting Flow
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for simulating reacting flows such as combustion.
- Solid Stress
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for computing deformation, strain, and stresses in solid regions. They also show how such computations can be coupled to the fluid behavior in an analysis of fluid-structure interaction.
  - Linear Stress Analysis: Cantilever I Beam
    This tutorial demonstrates the basic concepts and workflow for linear FE (Finite Element) structural analyses in Simcenter STAR-CCM+.
  - Plane Stress: Plate with Circular Hole in a Tensile Field
    This tutorial demonstrates how to set up a linear elastic FE (Finite Element) stress analysis in Simcenter STAR-CCM+.
  - Hyperelastic Stress Analysis with Adaptive Time-Step: Trileaflet Heart Valve
    Trileaflet valves are prosthetic heart valves that open and close because of the deformation of the flexible leaflets [reflink]. Obtaining a successful simulation of the valve opening event is challenging due to the snap through instability on which the valve operation depends. Simcenter STAR-CCM+ provides a dynamic time-step control that makes a successful simulation possible.
    - Prerequisites
      The instructions in the Hyperelastic Stress Analysis with Adaptive Time-Step — Trileaflet Heart Value tutorial assume that you are already familiar with certain techniques in Simcenter STAR-CCM+ .
    - Loading the Initial Simulation
      As this tutorial is focused on providing adequate time-step resolution, the starting file contains the relevant physics continuum, a partially defined region including some constraints, essential reports, and a local coordinate system.
    - Generating the Mesh
      The starting simulation contains a directed mesh operation that defines a quadrilateral mesh on the surface of the leaflet.
    - Defining the Adaptive Time-Step
      In non-linear structural mechanics the required time-step size may change over the course of the simulation due to the non-linear nature of the problem. To solve non-linear problems efficiently an automatic adaptive time-step size control may be required.
    - Specifying Leaflet Constraints and Loads
      In addition to the two constraints already present within the starting simulation, a further rigid contact constraint and pressure load must be defined.
    - Monitoring Displacement and Time-Step
      Reports are created for the displacement of the leaflet and the time-steps. These reports then be monitored during the simulation.
    - Applying Visualization Transforms
      To visualize a full 360° representation of the geometry, the scene must be transformed. Visualizing a full representation of the geometry gives a clearer understanding of the valve behaviour
    - Running the Simulation
      Define the stopping criteria, then run the simulation.
    - Bibliography
      To provide background information for this tutorial the following research papers were used:
  - Normal Modes Solver: Wind Turbine Blade
    In solid mechanics, normal modes describe the oscillating motion of a solid body at a set of fixed frequencies, known as natural (or resonant) frequencies of the body.
  - Conjugate Heat Transfer and Thermal Stress: Exhaust Manifold
    Simcenter STAR-CCM+ allows you to combine the advantages of the finite volume (FV) and the finite element (FE) methods together in the same simulation.
  - Thermal Stress from Mapped Temperature Data: Exhaust Manifold
    This tutorial demonstrates how to perform thermal stress analysis in Simcenter STAR-CCM+.
  - Fluid-Structure Interaction: Vibrating Pipe
    This tutorial demonstrates how to set up fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems in Simcenter STAR-CCM+.
  - FSI with Prescribed Solid Motion: Flapping Wing
    In Simcenter STAR-CCM+, you can analyse the two-way coupled fluid-structure interaction of systems whose motion paths are described by multiple superposed motions.
  - FSI and 6-DOF Motion: Stress Analysis on Boat Propeller
    In fluid-structure interaction simulations, you can define the motion of a solid structure relative to the motion of a 6-DOF body. A typical application is the analysis of the mechanical stresses on propellers attached to marine vessels.
  - FSI with Opening and Closing Flow Paths: Diaphragm Valve
    Simcenter STAR-CCM+ provides the capability of performing a two-way coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation with opening and closing flow paths, which are due to the deformation of a hyperelastic non-linear material such as rubber. This capability can aid in the design of (but is not limited to) seals, valves, and gaskets used within a range of industries.
  - FSI Remeshing and Tessellated Geometry Parts Contact: Rubber Sleeve
    Simcenter STAR-CCM+ allows you to model the mechanical contact between a deformable structure and the tessellated surfaces of geometry parts within the simulation. This is useful to simulate the interaction between an elastic solid and a rigid obstacle, without modeling the obstacle explicitly.
- Aeroacoustics
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for solving aeroacoustic simulations.
- Electromagnetism
  The following tutorials illustrate features for solving problems that involve electromagnetic fields.
- Electrochemistry
  The following tutorial demonstrates chemical reactions induced by an electrical current.
- Battery
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for setting up a battery model:
- Automation
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ automation and macro features.
- Design Exploration
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various features for running design exploration studies in Design Manager.
- Coupling with CAE Codes
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for coupling with CAE codes:
- Analysis Methods
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for analysing and visualizing simulation data.
- Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder
  The tutorials in this set illustrate features for simulating internal combustion engines in Simcenter STAR-CCM+ using the dedicated add-on Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder.

Running the Simulation

Define the stopping criteria, then run the simulation.

To edit the stopping criteria:

Edit the Stopping Criteria node and set the following properties:


Node	Property	Value
Displacement Criterion > Minimum Limit	Minimum Limit	1E-12
Force Criterion > Minimum Limit	Minimum Limit	1E-12
Maximum Inner Iteration	Maximum Inner Iterations	50
Maximum Physical Time	Maximum Physical Time	${PeriodReport}/2
Maximum Steps	Enabled	Deactivated

To run the simulation:

Click (Run).
Open the Plots > Physical Time Plot and UMagAtPointProbe Plot nodes.

This plot shows the how the time-step changes with respect to the physical time. The time level counts the number of time-steps within the simulation. As you can see from the linear trends at the start and end of the simulation, the time-step remains constant. In those portions of the simulation the deformation has a similar rate of change. Between 0.29 s and 0.31 s, when the snap-through event occurs, the time-step must be reduced in order to capture the rapidly changing rate of deformation. This reduction in time-step results in a flattening of the curve.

From the displacement magnitude plot, you can see that the leaflet undergoes minimal deformation under the pressure load when the load is first applied. At around 0.29 seconds (which coincides with the change in time-step) the leaflet valve experiences a large deformation over a very short time period (the snap-through event). Thereafter the valve exhibits a small amount of oscillation before settling at a maximum deformation of 11.75mm.

To visualize the displacement of the leaflet:

Open the Scenes > Scene 1 node.
In the Vis toolbar, click (Save-Restore-Select Views) and select Views > -X +Y +Z > Up +Z.
Save the simulation.