Multiphase Turbulence Model Reference

The Eulerian Multiphase (EMP) flow model lets you model turbulence for the mixture or for the individual phases.

Table 1. Multiphase Turbulence Model Reference
Model Names	Mixture Turbulence
	Phasic Turbulence
Theory	See Multiphase Turbulence.
Provided By	[physics continuum] > Models > EMP Turbulence
Example Node Path	Continua > Physics 1 > Models > Mixture Turbulence
Requires	Material: Multiphase Multiphase Model: Eulerian Multiphase (EMP) Viscous Regime: Turbulent
Properties	None.
Activates	Physics Models	When Mixture Turbulence is selected: Turbulence: Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes model is selected automatically. Reynolds-Averaged Turbulence: K-Epsilon Turbulence, K-Omega Turbulence, Reynolds Stress Turbulence See Mixture Turbulence Models.
	Solvers	When Mixture Turbulence is selected: Mixture Turbulence See Mixture Turbulence Solver Properties.
	Field Functions	See Field Functions.

Mixture Turbulence Models

The following models are available for modeling Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes turbulence in the multiphase mixture:

K-Epsilon Turbulence

EB K-Epsilon
Lag EB K-Epsilon
Realizable K-Epsilon
Realizable K-Epsilon Two-Layer
Standard K-Epsilon
Standard K-Epsilon Low-Re
Standard K-Epsilon Two-Layer

See K-Epsilon Turbulence.

K-Omega Turbulence

SST (Menter) K-Omega
Standard (Wilcox) K-Omega

See K-Omega Turbulence.

Reynolds Stress Turbulence

Elliptic Blending
Linear Pressure Strain
Linear Pressure Strain Two-Layer
Quadratic Pressure Strain

See Reynolds Stress Transport (RST) Turbulence.

Phasic Turbulence Models

The following models are available for modeling Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes turbulence in both the continuous phase and the dispersed phase:

K-Epsilon Turbulence

EB K-Epsilon
Lag EB K-Epsilon
Realizable K-Epsilon
Realizable K-Epsilon Two-Layer
Standard K-Epsilon
Standard K-Epsilon Low-Re
Standard K-Epsilon Two-Layer

See K-Epsilon Turbulence.

K-Omega Turbulence

SST (Menter) K-Omega
Standard (Wilcox) K-Omega

See K-Omega Turbulence.

Reynolds Stress Turbulence

Elliptic Blending
Linear Pressure Strain
Linear Pressure Strain Two-Layer
Quadratic Pressure Strain

See Reynolds Stress Transport (RST) Turbulence.

Turbulence Response

The following models are available in the dispersed phase only:

Issa Turbulence Response
Tchen Turbulence Response
User-defined Turbulence Response

See Turbulence Response Models.

Large Eddy Simulation Turbulence

The following models are available for modeling Large Eddy Simulation turbulence in both the continuous phase and the dispersed phase:

Dynamic Smagorinsky Subgrid Scale
Smagorinsky Subgrid Scale
WALE Subgrid Scale

These models were derived for two-phase flow, but are also applicable for dilute mixtures of a number of dispersed phases.

See Large Eddy Simulation (LES).

Particle-Induced Turbulence

The following particle-induced turbulence models are available in the phase interaction when the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes turbulence model is activated in the continuous phase:

Gosman
Tchen
Troshko Hassan

The following model is available when the Large Eddy Simulation turbulence model is activated in the continuous phase:

LES Particle Induced Turbulence

See Particle Induced Turbulence Models.

Mixture Turbulence Solver Properties

Temporary Storage Retained: When On, Simcenter STAR-CCM+ retains additional field data that the solver generates during an iteration. The particular data retained depends on the solver, and becomes available as field functions during subsequent iterations. Off by default.

Field Functions

Density

The density of the mixture. This value is

ρ_{m}

in Eqn. (2453) and Eqn. (2454).

Dynamic Viscosity

The dynamic viscosity of the mixture. This value is

μ_{m}

in Eqn. (2453) and Eqn. (2454).

Helicity

The Helicity of the multiphase mixture. See Flow Field Functions Reference.

Lamb Vector

The Lamb Vector of the multiphase mixture. See Flow Field Functions Reference.

Lambda 2 criterion

The Lambda 2 criterion for the multiphase mixture. See Flow Field Functions Reference.

Q Criterion

The Q Criterion for the multiphase mixture. See Flow Field Functions Reference.

Specific Dissipation Rate

The transported variable $ω$ for the multiphase mixture. This value is $ω_{m}$ in Eqn. (2455) and Eqn. (2456).

Available when a K-Omega mixture turbulence model is activated.

Turbulent Dissipation Rate

The transported variable $ε$ for the multiphase mixture. This value is $ε_{m}$ in Eqn. (2453) and Eqn. (2454).

Available when a K-Epsilon mixture turbulence model is activated.

Turbulent Kinetic Energy

The transported variable $k$ for the multiphase mixture. This value is $k_{m}$ in Eqn. (2453) and Eqn. (2455).

Turbulent Viscosity

The turbulent viscosity of the multiphase mixture. This value is $μ_{m}^{t}$ in Eqn. (2453), Eqn. (2454), Eqn. (2455), and Eqn. (2456).

Turbulent Viscosity of [Phase]

The turbulent viscosity of the phase. This value is $μ_{i}^{t}$ in Eqn. (2452).

Available only when the Temporary Storage Retained option is activated in the Mixture Turbulence solver.

Turbulent Viscosity Ratio

The ratio of turbulent to laminar viscosity of the multiphase mixture, $\frac{μ_{m}^{t}}{μ_{m}}$

Available when a K-Epsilon or K-Omega mixture turbulence model is activated.

Vorticity

The Vorticity of the multiphase mixture. See Flow Field Functions Reference.