Interphase Turbulence Transfer Model Reference

The Interphase Turbulence Transfer model accounts for the contributions to the fluid and particle turbulent kinetic energies due to drag. The unclosed or modeled term (within the source terms) is the cross-correlation between fluid and particle fluctuating velocities evaluated along the particle trajectory.

Once activated, the Interphase Turbulence Transfer model produces additional sources for kinetic energy of turbulence, turbulent dissipation rate, specific dissipation rate, and Reynolds stresses.

This model is applicable for gas-particle flows carrying fine particles (that is, Geldart A type particles, having a size between 20 and 100 $μ m$ , and a density typically less than 1.4g/cm³). A typical application for this model is a Fluidized Catalytic Cracking (FCC) system.

Table 1. Interphase Turbulence Transfer Model Reference
Theory	See Turbulence Transfer between Phases.
Provided By	[phase interaction] > Models > Optional Models
Example Node Path	Multiphase Interaction > [Phase Interaction] > Models > Interphase Turbulence Transfer
Requires	A Eulerian Multiphase (EMP) simulation, with the Viscous Regime set to Turbulent. A minimum of two phases: one phase must be a gas or liquid continuous phase, and another phase must be a particle dispersed phase. For each Eulerian phase, the Viscous Regime set to Turbulent. Both the continuous phase and the dispersed phase require the same type of turbulence model activated (for example, both K-Epsilon, or both K-Omega, or both RSM). A Continuous-Dispersed Topology phase interaction is required.
Compatible With	k-epsilon turbulence models Note that the Interphase Turbulence Transfer model is incompatible with the following models: Tchen and Gosman particle induced turbulence models Sato Particle Induced Mixing model Turbulence Response model
Properties	See Interphase Turbulence Transfer Model Properties.
Activates	Physics Models	None.
	Model Controls (child nodes)	Velocity Cross-Correlation Coefficient See Velocity Cross-Correlation Coefficient Properties.
	Field Functions	Velocity Cross Correlation Coefficient of [phase interaction] See Interphase Turbulence Transfer Field Functions.

Interphase Turbulence Transfer Model Properties

Calibration Constant: The coefficient $C_{0}$ in Eqn. (2513) to Eqn. (2516) defining the source terms for the turbulent kinetic energy and turbulence dissipation rate equations. This parameter is not part of the model derivation, but defaults to 1 and you can adjust it to test the sensitivity of the solution to this term.
C3e: The coefficient $C_{ε 3}$ in Eqn. (2515) and Eqn. (2516) defining the corresponding source term for the turbulence dissipation rate equations. This parameter has a default value of 1.54, and you can adjust it independently of constants for other terms.

Velocity Cross-Correlation Coefficient Properties

Method

Specifies the method to use to set the correlation coefficient of the turbulent velocity fluctuations of the phases. This value is

β_{c d}

in Eqn. (2513) to Eqn. (2516).

The options are:

Constant
The default method, with a default value of 0.7.
Field Function
Zaichik
See Zaichik Model Properties.

Zaichik Model Properties

See Zaichik Method.

Crossing Trajectories Coefficient: $C_{β}$ in the Zaichik formulation ([577]) is a calibration coefficient for the crossing-trajectories effect. By default this constant is set to 0.45 (Deutsch and Simonin [448]).

Interphase Turbulence Transfer Field Functions

Velocity Cross Correlation Coefficient of [phase interaction]: $β_{c d}$ in Eqn. (2513) to Eqn. (2516).