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Tutorials
Tutorials show you how to use Simcenter STAR-CCM+ for various applications in a step-by-step format with recommendations for setup, initialization and steps of the solution process specific to the application. Macro and simulation files are available for download for a large proportion of cases.
Solid Stress
The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for computing deformation, strain, and stresses in solid regions. They also show how such computations can be coupled to the fluid behavior in an analysis of fluid-structure interaction.
FSI with Prescribed Solid Motion: Flapping Wing
In Simcenter STAR-CCM+, you can analyse the two-way coupled fluid-structure interaction of systems whose motion paths are described by multiple superposed motions.
Running the Simulation
Before you run the simulation, you define the simulation time, the time-step, and the stabilization method for the Fluid Structure Coupling solver.

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Tutorials
Tutorials show you how to use Simcenter STAR-CCM+ for various applications in a step-by-step format with recommendations for setup, initialization and steps of the solution process specific to the application. Macro and simulation files are available for download for a large proportion of cases.
- Using Tutorial Macros and Files
  Macros, input files, and final simulation files for a range of tutorials are provided as an optional download package on the Support Center website. These macros and final simulation files are provided as an aid to the written tutorials, so that you can check your final results against the downloaded files, or against a simulation that is built and run using the macros.
- Introduction
  Welcome to the Simcenter STAR-CCM+ introductory tutorial. In this tutorial, you explore the important concepts and workflow. Complete this tutorial before attempting any others.
- Foundation Tutorials
  The foundation tutorials showcase the major features of Simcenter STAR-CCM+ in a series of short tutorials.
- Geometry
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for creating and working with parts and 3D-CAD.
- Mesh
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various STAR-CCM+ features for building CFD meshes.
- Incompressible Flow
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for incompressible fluid flows as well as porosity and solution recording
- Compressible Flow
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for compressible fluid flows as well as harmonic balance.
- Heat Transfer and Radiation
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for heat transfer, radiation, and thermal comfort.
- Multiphase Flow
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for simulating multiphase fluid flow problems
- Discrete Element Method
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for simulating Discrete Element Method problems
- Motion
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various STAR-CCM+ features for simulating problems with moving geometries and meshes, dynamic fluid body interaction, and rigid body motion:
- Reacting Flow
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for simulating reacting flows such as combustion.
- Solid Stress
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for computing deformation, strain, and stresses in solid regions. They also show how such computations can be coupled to the fluid behavior in an analysis of fluid-structure interaction.
  - Linear Stress Analysis: Cantilever I Beam
    This tutorial demonstrates the basic concepts and workflow for linear FE (Finite Element) structural analyses in Simcenter STAR-CCM+.
  - Plane Stress: Plate with Circular Hole in a Tensile Field
    This tutorial demonstrates how to set up a linear elastic FE (Finite Element) stress analysis in Simcenter STAR-CCM+.
  - Hyperelastic Stress Analysis with Adaptive Time-Step: Trileaflet Heart Valve
    Trileaflet valves are prosthetic heart valves that open and close because of the deformation of the flexible leaflets [reflink]. Obtaining a successful simulation of the valve opening event is challenging due to the snap through instability on which the valve operation depends. Simcenter STAR-CCM+ provides a dynamic time-step control that makes a successful simulation possible.
  - Normal Modes Solver: Wind Turbine Blade
    In solid mechanics, normal modes describe the oscillating motion of a solid body at a set of fixed frequencies, known as natural (or resonant) frequencies of the body.
  - Conjugate Heat Transfer and Thermal Stress: Exhaust Manifold
    Simcenter STAR-CCM+ allows you to combine the advantages of the finite volume (FV) and the finite element (FE) methods together in the same simulation.
  - Thermal Stress from Mapped Temperature Data: Exhaust Manifold
    This tutorial demonstrates how to perform thermal stress analysis in Simcenter STAR-CCM+.
  - Fluid-Structure Interaction: Vibrating Pipe
    This tutorial demonstrates how to set up fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems in Simcenter STAR-CCM+.
  - FSI with Prescribed Solid Motion: Flapping Wing
    In Simcenter STAR-CCM+, you can analyse the two-way coupled fluid-structure interaction of systems whose motion paths are described by multiple superposed motions.
    - Loading the Initial Simulation
      The starting simulation file includes predefined regions for the hummingbird wing, the overset fluid region that surrounds the wing, and a background fluid. In this simulation, you model one-half of the hummingbird.
    - Generating the Mesh
      The starting simulation contains predefined mesh operations that are fully set up and ready for execution. These operations prepare the geometry parts and generate appropriate meshes for the fluid and solid regions.
    - Defining the Physics Models, Materials, and Boundary Conditions
      As the tutorial focuses on the definition of superposed motions, you can reduce the solution time by applying simplified physics. In this simulation, you model the wing as a linear solid surrounded by a fluid in laminar regime. Assuming a laminar regime considerably reduces the computational time. However, for a more accurate FSI analysis, you would include the effect of turbulence on the flow.
    - Defining the Wing Flapping Cycle
      The wing flapping motion is periodic, with a period of $T = 1 / 40$ s. As the motion is periodic, it is convenient to define it with respect to a normalized time $t_{F C}$ that represents the fraction of the flapping cycle.
    - Defining the Wing Motion
      To account for the wing total displacements, you superpose three motions that move the solid mesh according to the prescribed sweeping motion, the prescribed pitching motion, and the deformation calculated by the stress solver.
    - Defining the Sweeping and Pitching Motions
      The sweeping motion is a rigid rotation about the stroke plane normal. The sweep angle $ϕ$ varies harmonically with time with an amplitude of 70°. The pitching motion is a rigid rotation about the wing longitudinal axis. The pitch angle $α$ is constant for most of the forward and backward strokes, varying linearly with time only during stroke reversals (supination and pronation). In this tutorial, you import a table that contains values of the stroke and pitch angles at discrete values of flapping cycle time, ${(t_{F C}, ϕ, α)}_{i}$ . To calculate the sweep and pitch angles at each time-step, you create reports that interpolate the imported tabular data.
    - Defining the Motion of the Overset Region
      In this simulation, the background fluid remains static while the overset region moves according to the wing displacements. To define the motion of the overset region, you apply the motion-managed coordinate system to the region and morpher-controlled deformation to the fluid-structure interface.
    - Creating Monitors and Plots
      For visualization, you create plots for the stroke and pitch angles, the rotation rates, and the lift force.
    - Creating Scenes
      For visualization, you create scenes that display the flow solution and the wing deformation.
    - Running the Simulation
      Before you run the simulation, you define the simulation time, the time-step, and the stabilization method for the Fluid Structure Coupling solver.
    - Bibliography
      The flapping motion details are based on the following research paper.
  - FSI and 6-DOF Motion: Stress Analysis on Boat Propeller
    In fluid-structure interaction simulations, you can define the motion of a solid structure relative to the motion of a 6-DOF body. A typical application is the analysis of the mechanical stresses on propellers attached to marine vessels.
  - FSI with Opening and Closing Flow Paths: Diaphragm Valve
    Simcenter STAR-CCM+ provides the capability of performing a two-way coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation with opening and closing flow paths, which are due to the deformation of a hyperelastic non-linear material such as rubber. This capability can aid in the design of (but is not limited to) seals, valves, and gaskets used within a range of industries.
  - FSI Remeshing and Tessellated Geometry Parts Contact: Rubber Sleeve
    Simcenter STAR-CCM+ allows you to model the mechanical contact between a deformable structure and the tessellated surfaces of geometry parts within the simulation. This is useful to simulate the interaction between an elastic solid and a rigid obstacle, without modeling the obstacle explicitly.
- Aeroacoustics
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for solving aeroacoustic simulations.
- Electromagnetism
  The following tutorials illustrate features for solving problems that involve electromagnetic fields.
- Electrochemistry
  The following tutorial demonstrates chemical reactions induced by an electrical current.
- Battery
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for setting up a battery model:
- Automation
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ automation and macro features.
- Design Exploration
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various features for running design exploration studies in Design Manager.
- Coupling with CAE Codes
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for coupling with CAE codes:
- Analysis Methods
  The tutorials in this set illustrate various Simcenter STAR-CCM+ features for analysing and visualizing simulation data.
- Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder
  The tutorials in this set illustrate features for simulating internal combustion engines in Simcenter STAR-CCM+ using the dedicated add-on Simcenter STAR-CCM+ In-cylinder.

Running the Simulation

Before you run the simulation, you define the simulation time, the time-step, and the stabilization method for the Fluid Structure Coupling solver.

To define the solver parameters:

Select the Solvers > Fluid Stucture Coupling node, and set Stabilization Method to Dynamic.
Select the Solvers > Implicit Unsteady node and set Time-Step using the expression ${FlappingPeriod}/${StepsPerCycle}, which corresponds to 1/100 of the flapping period.

Select the Mesh Morpher node and set the following properties:


Property	Setting
Boundary Layer Morphing	Activated
Morph At Inner Iterations	Activated

Edit the Stopping Criteria node and set the following properties:


Node	Property	Setting
Maximum Inner Iterations	Maximum Inner Iterations	5
Maximum Physical Time	Maximum Physical Time	3*${FlappingPeriod}-1E-8
Maximum Steps	Enabled	Deactivated

In Simcenter STAR-CCM+, numbers have finite precision. As simulations stop when the maximum physical time is equal to or greater than the simulation time, subtracting a small quantity (1E-8) from the desired stopping time (3*${FlappingPeriod}) ensures that the solver completes the specified steps per cycle.

Click (Run).
When complete, save the simulation.

The plots and scenes appear as follows:

Prescribed Angles
Periodic Lift: This plot shows the lift as a function of the flapping cycle time. At every new cycle, the lift goes back to its initial value. When the solution converges, the lift curves for each cycle overlap.; A hummingbird weights approximately 1.6 to 2 grams and, therefore, a lift force of 0.015 to 0.02 N is required to balance its weight. The computed lift is within the same order of magnitude.
Wing Tip Displacement: By zooming in, you can see the convergence of the displacement within the time-step.
Fluid Pressure and Velocity
Wing Deformation