Using the Leidenfrost Temperature

The Leidenfrost temperature is the temperature at which the Leidenfrost effect appears. This effect creates a vapor barrier between liquid and solid phases, reducing heat transfer and adhesion.

Choosing Bai-Gosman Wall Impingement or the Fluid Film Boiling model makes the Leidenfrost temperature available in nodes for material properties of liquids under Lagrangian Multiphase > Lagrangian Phases > Phase 1 > Models or under Fluid Film > Fluid Film Phases > Film Phase > Models. You can set the Leidenfrost temperature by selecting one of five methods:

Constant: Set the temperature to a constant value, or use the default value, 546.03 K, for water at 1 atm.
Field Function: Define a scalar function determining the temperature.
Spiegler method:

Figure 1. EQUATION_DISPLAY

$T_{L} = \frac{27}{32} T_{c} = 0.84375 T_{c}$

(167)

Use this method when pressure is much lower than the critical pressure $P_{c}$ .
Lienhard method:

Figure 2. EQUATION_DISPLAY

$T_{L} = T_{c} (0.905 + 0.095 {(\frac{T_{s a t}}{T_{c}})}^{8})$

(168)

Use this method when pressure is close to the critical pressure $P_{c}$ .
Habchi method:

Figure 3. EQUATION_DISPLAY

$T_{L} = T_{s a t} + Δ T$

(169)

where

Figure 4. EQUATION_DISPLAY

$Δ T = {\begin{matrix} {T_{L}}^{1} - T_{b} & if (P \leq 1) \\ \frac{({T_{L}}^{1} - T_{b}) - A}{T_{c} - T_{b}} (T_{c} - T_{s a t}) + A & if (P > 1) \end{matrix}}$
(170)

Use this method when pressure $P$ is close to the critical pressure $P_{c}$ .

In the preceding equations:

$T_{L}$ is the Leidenfrost temperature.
$T_{c}$ is the critical temperature. For multi-component drops, $T_{c}$ is the highest of the critical temperatures of the components.
$T_{s a t}$ is the saturation temperature (boiling point). The saturation temperature is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the pressure in the cell. It is calculated internally from the saturation pressure $p^{*}$ . You can define saturation pressure under the Material Properties > Saturation Pressure node of the Liquid model. See Calculating Saturation Temperature.
${T_{L}}^{1}$ is the “normal Leidenfrost temperature,” the value at 1 atm. This is a model parameter, to be determined experimentally or estimated. For multi-component drops, choose ${T_{L}}^{1}$ as a function of composition.
$T_{b}$ is the normal boiling temperature at 1 atm. For multi-component drops, choose $T_{b}$ as a function of composition.
$P$ is pressure.
$A$ is the larger of 1 or ${T_{L}}^{1} - T_{c}$ .